Modern means of information display

Until recently, the means of displaying information were presented in a limited number. To the traditional diaprojectors, film projectors, computer monitors, TVs, new devices were added.

Classification of means of information display

Today, plasma panels, multimedia projectors, interactive whiteboards, wall screens and so on are quite widespread. Existing types of information display tools are used in equipping exhibitions, situational centers, conference halls, stadiums, schools, cinemas. Currently, all devices are divided into three categories. So, modern means of displaying information of individual use are used. They are designed for one person (for example, a personal computer monitor, a phone screen, a dashboard in a car). Also distinguish between devices for group and collective use. The first can use up to three, the second - more than 3 people.

The method of choosing the means of information display

For the evaluation of devices, certain criteria are used. In particular, they include:

1. Availability.
2. Quality.
3. Convenience.
4. Flexibility.
5. Efficiency.
6. The cost.
7. Reliability.

Under accessibility it is necessary to understand the possibility of a means of displaying information to serve a wide range of subjects. Convenience of work characterizes the degree of satisfaction of the client's needs in providing the necessary communication tools with sufficient power. The flexibility of the system reflects its ability to adapt to changes in parameters during operation to achieve maximum effect. The method of selecting information display means also involves evaluating the devices in terms of the number of shades and colors, ergonomic characteristics, compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements, and so on.

Multimedia projectors

These modern information display tools are designed to reproduce data received from a computer, a video camera, a VCR, a DVD player. Information comes to the big screen from the connected device. In most cases, multimedia projectors act as a means of displaying personal information. The general principle of operation of such devices resembles a slide and film projector. However, in this case, instead of a film, a liquid crystal transparent panel is installed. With the help of an electronic digital circuit, a picture is formed on it. The light passes through the panel and the lens, and an image appears on the screen, magnified several times. Depending on the design, type and power of the lamp, the quality of the panels, multimedia projectors can form a different luminous flux. Accordingly, the picture on the screen will have different brightness.

Additional equipment

Many multimedia projectors incorporate audio information display tools. Often, devices are used in presentations. In these cases, the volume control function of the remote will be useful. But it should be noted that for high-quality reproduction of the audio track in a large audience, the available capabilities of the projector will not be enough, so it is more appropriate to use audio systems.

LCD monitors

Liquid-crystal widescreen monitors with a diagonal of 105, 65, 46, 42, 32 are used as technical means of displaying information in public places. So, they are installed in airports, railway stations, shopping centers and supermarkets, in conference rooms. Together with this they act as modern means of displaying information of individual use. For example, they are an integral part of video surveillance systems.

Plasma Displays

Their screens can be much thinner than the TV, but they do not emit harmful electromagnetic currents. In addition to size, the advantage of displays is a higher image contrast and viewing angle. Unlike kinescopes, they do not have flickering images. This, accordingly, prevents eye fatigue of viewers when viewing. Due to their merits, these means of displaying information have found wide application in airports and exhibitions, in television studios. In most panels, the aspect ratio is 16: 9. This causes their wide use in home theaters. The screen of panels is absolutely flat. This causes no distortion in the transmission of the image. The panels do not have unevenness from the center to the edges. This greatly increases the viewing angle.

Structure

The display surface is formed from pixels. In each of them there are three cells. They act as sources of blue, red and green colors. The cell is represented as a glass hermetic container in the form of a rectangle. It is filled with gas, which is in the plasma state. Its walls inside are covered with colored phosphorus. Its composition is similar to that used in cathode-ray tubes installed in monitors and televisions. Through each cell there is an electrical glow discharge. The more it is, the brighter the glow of the cells. The magnitude of the current is controlled by the digital panel system. With the help of the cell, you can get about 16 million colors for each specific color. Due to this, the picture on the screen becomes realistic.

Interactive whiteboards

These means of information display combine two tools: a screen and, in fact, a regular board. To work with this device does not require any special skills or special knowledge. Before using the interactive whiteboard, connect to the projector and computer. It is projected image from any source. The user can work with the image directly on the board. Manipulations using a computer mouse are replaced by touch screen. On the board, you can make notes, show slides, draw diagrams, draw as on a normal surface, in real time, you can make any adjustments, save them as files for later editing, printing, mailing.

Features of work on boards

Recording is performed with a special pen (electronic) or even a finger. Taking a marker in your hand, you can work with the picture on the screen. A special pen can be selected, traced, emphasize important areas, build diagrams and make corrections to them, correct the text. Touch is captured by the touch devices. They translate them into electronic signals, which reflect the movements of the hand. A tray with three markers and an eraser is attached to the board. Before you start, you can specify the colors to be used. In the process of demonstrating the material, the board will respond, for example, to the fact that a green marker is taken.

Projection screens

When selecting these data mapping tools, it is necessary to take into account a number of conditions. First of all, it should be said that the screen size will depend on the number of viewers, the audience area, the power of the projection equipment, lighting conditions. The nearest rows should be located at a distance equal to the double width of the monitor, and the farthest rows - at six distances. In this case, the entire surface of the screen, including its lower part, should be viewed from any place, including angular and farthest. If the room is horizontal floor, then the distance to the bottom edge of the monitor will most likely be about 1.5 m. In this case, for small rooms (class or office for meetings), the optimal screen size for the vertical is determined by the height that remains to the ceiling.

Situational centers

In recent years, there has been a rapid development of various information technologies. This, in turn, caused the emergence of large arrays of audio-video, communication data. They need to be accepted, structured, analyzed for subsequent management decisions. Along with the acceleration of the introduction of information technology, the time for solving certain urgent problems, as well as problems arising in crisis conditions, is also shortened. For optimal decision making with minimum time costs, such means of information collection and display as situation centers are created. They allow, among other things, to simulate various variants of the development of events, to predict the consequences of specific actions in advance, without waiting for the emergence of crisis conditions. Such situational centers are currently operating in Minatom, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Emergencies, and in a number of autonomous regions. Large oil and gas and industrial enterprises are engaged in their active creation.

Tasks of the centers

In the situation rooms are carried out:

• Monitoring of the state of control objects, forecasting the situation in accordance with incoming information.
• Expert evaluation of solutions, their optimization.
• Crisis management.

To implement the tasks set, large volumes and intensity of incoming information are needed. This, in turn, necessitates the use of modern tools that provide a high possibility of receiving, processing, reproducing and analyzing information.

Features of equipping the centers

One of the key elements is the screen for shared use. It allows you to create a common information language for the employees of the center. The screen can be presented as a projection unit or a video wall. The latter are systems of multi-screen display of various data. It can be, for example, electronic maps, diagrams and graphs, text documents in electronic form and so on. Video walls differ in modular design. Due to this, they can be adapted to specific tasks and premises.

Videoconferencing

These systems provide the transmission of sound and images over telecommunications networks. They use different terminal configurations. They can be represented, for example, as standalone devices or created on the basis of personal computers. Such communication terminals are used in situations where communication occurs between remote users participating in a meeting. In the structure of any system there are:

• Camcorder.
• Codec.
• Microphone.
• Devices for displaying video and playing sound.

Required attributes are microphones. They are needed not only for participants to hear each other, but also for communication with other centers or offices. For this purpose, conventional microphones are not suitable. It is more expedient to use so-called conference systems - microphone consoles. Their design depends on the participant who will be the user. For example, the configuration of the remote for the supervisor will differ from the model for an ordinary employee.

Conference halls

In the process of equipping or re-equipment of the premises, the task is to create a multifunctional complex. It should combine the possibilities of space for presentations, conferences, meetings, entertainment. Recently, the actual task has been to re-equipment taking into account additional functions. In particular, it is possible to view movies in the room supporting the existing audio formats. Thus, the conference hall becomes a universal room and requires appropriate equipment. Equipment includes:

1. Devices that allow the transfer of visual information.
2. Equipment for audio broadcasting.
3. Devices for video transmission.
4. Lighting.
5. Switching equipment.
6. Additional (auxiliary) devices.

Help for persons with disabilities

For this category of citizens, special symbolic means of displaying information have been created. For the disabled, safe conditions for movement in the infrastructure of cities, towns, micro-districts and other settlements should be created. This is of particular importance in the movement of these persons along roads, streets, premises in buildings, and in passenger transport. Visual information tools ensure the safety of people when using their equipment and appliances for household use.

GOSTs

The color solution, sizes, brightness and contrast of the image, symbols, as well as the rules for the use of sign means for the disabled should comply with state standards. The location of the signs on the roads should not distract the drivers of transport. Warning signs are used in cases where there are no other signs of the path of the disabled. Depending on how you use the plate, you can:

1. Additional.
2. Independent.

The latter include warning signs and pictograms. They vary depending on the nature of the information that needs to be conveyed.