What does the State Duma do? Deputies of the State Duma

What does the State Duma of the Russian Federation do? What are its functions and responsibilities? The answers to these questions will be given in the article.

State Duma of the Russian Federation: general characteristics

The State Duma is the lower house of the Russian parliament , or the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. The State Duma, like the Federation Council, is the legislative body of power. The establishment of the body in question took place in 1993. According to Boris Yeltsin's decree "On the Constitutional Reform of the Russian Federation," an organ for 450 deputies appeared. Half of this number is elected in one round and directly. Voting takes place in single-mandate constituencies. The other half should be formed with the help of the political parties of the Russian Federation, which have overcome the 5% border.

The fifth chapter of the Constitution of the Russian Federation is devoted to the Russian State Duma. It is there that briefly describes the structure of the body, as well as what the State Duma of the Russian Federation is doing. What is this chapter from the main law of the country?

Chapter 5 of the RF Constitution

The fifth chapter of the basic law of the country narrates about the Russian parliament - the Federal Assembly. The chapter briefly describes all the main points concerning the two chambers of the parliament: the Federation Council and the State Duma. Article 103 most fully reveals what the deputies of the State Duma are engaged in, and what powers they possess. This, as well as some other articles of the Russian Constitution will need to be disassembled in order to have the most complete picture of the duties and professional functions of the lower house of Parliament - the State Duma.

It is, however, to start with the most common points. Thus, Article 94 establishes the status of the Federal Assembly; This body is representative, referring to the legislative branch of power. Part 5 of Article 95 fixes the fact that the State Duma consists of 450 persons who are deputies. Art. 96 tells about the term of election of the body, which is exactly 5 years today. About what the State Duma is doing, it will be described further.

The State Duma and the Government

Despite the fact that all three branches of power in Russia are equal in relation to each other, it is worth noting some points that point to the significant influence of one branch of government on another. In particular, it is necessary to pay attention to part 1 of Article 114 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. According to this article, the Government is obliged to submit timely reports to the State Duma. Such a system always indicates the degree of democratic development of the state. In particular, the commentary to Article 114 refers to the need to enhance the role of representative bodies in public and political life. Unfortunately, only political scientists can decide the question of whether such a scheme does not violate the system of checks and balances. We also have to wonder whether the Federal Assembly will give estimates to the Government in the near future.

It is, however, necessary to return to what the State Duma is engaged in, and what its functions are in relation to the Government. Thus, item B of Article 103 secures for the State Duma the possibility to decide the issue of trust to the executive body of power. In fact, this is yet another proof of the significant influence of the representative branch of government on the executive branch.

The State Duma and the Central Bank of Russia

What does the State Duma of the Russian Federation deal with in relation to higher financial bodies? Paragraph D of Article 83 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation secures the possibility for the State Duma to appoint and dismiss the head of the Central Bank of Russia. The term of office of a representative of the Central Bank is determined in accordance with the Federal Law "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation". It is also worth noting that both appointment and dismissal is considered final, if the majority of the State Duma deputies voted for it.

The same goes for the Accounting Chamber. The State Duma is able to appoint both the chairman of this body and the composition of its auditors. At the same time, the issue of withdrawal or appointment is decided in accordance with the available budget, taxation, etc.

Purpose of amnesty

It is worth finally referring to Article 103 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. It is this article that fixes all the main duties and functions that are under the jurisdiction of the lower house of the legislature. What can be distinguished here? What does the State Duma do? (Grade 4, as well as some higher grades in the school curriculum often involve the analysis of these questions, an adult should especially know the most important thing about the structure of government bodies).

The lower house of the legislative body is able to appoint a person authorized for human rights to the post, and also to dismiss him. It is also worth noting that the deputies are able to nominate the necessary candidates.

A separate topic worth mentioning is the ability of the State Duma to resolve amnesty issues. What position does the Lower Chamber take in this case, what does the State Duma do? Briefly and clearly gives a description of paragraph G of Article 103 of the Constitution. According to him, the decision to accept amnesty is made by recruiting a majority of deputy votes. The decree on amnesty is signed by the chairman of the State Duma. The official publication of the order must occur within three days.

The State Duma and the President

The relations between the head of state and the State Duma are built in Russia in a very special way. Thus, according to Article 103 of the Constitution (Clause 3), the lower house of the legislature is capable of making accusations and claims against the President. The accusation can be brought forward only if two thirds of the votes have been collected for this. It should also be noted that the prosecution should have specific references to the crimes or offenses committed by the head of state.

The State Duma sends the prosecution to the Supreme Court for consideration. If the court finds a crime, the question is raised about the dismissal of the head of state from office.

The procedure for passing laws

Since the branch of power in question is called legislative, questions about what the State Duma and the Federation Council are dealing with immediately become closed. These bodies publish and edit laws, and this is their main purpose. How is the legislative process going? This will be discussed later.

The procedure for accepting and drafting bills is carried out in three readings. The first reading involves discussing the main provisions of the projects. The initiator of the law read out the report, the listeners have the opportunity to comment and debate. If the law is approved, the second stage begins. He proposes amendments to the law and small changes. After this, the third stage takes place, at which the deputies vote for or against the adoption of the law. The project on the outcome can be adopted only if the majority voted for it.

The order of consideration of federal laws

What does the State Duma do? It executes laws, adopts laws, deals with their editing and design. All these functions are performed by the lower chamber on three special readings. In order to have a broader idea of the legislative process, it is also necessary to talk about the procedure for reviewing projects by the Federation Council.

Within five days, the laws developed by the State Duma should be considered by the highest chamber of parliament. Part 4 of Article 105 of the Russian Constitution fixes the provision that the SovFed must vote for or against the adoption of the bill. So, in case of approval of half of the chamber's members, the law comes into force. There is another possibility to make the law working. To this end, SovFed must ignore the submitted draft within 14 days (this is a failed vote for or against the bill). In case the project is rejected, the State Duma creates a conciliation commission, on which it tries to overcome the veto of the Supreme Chamber.

Article 106 of the RF Constitution

What laws should be subject to compulsory consideration by the highest chamber of the legislature? Article 106 of the Russian Constitution establishes the following projects:

• federal budget;
• Taxes and duties at the federal level;
• Questions about war and peace;
• Money issue;
• Issues of financial, credit, currency and customs regulation;
• Denunciation (termination) or ratification (approval) of international agreements;
• Questions about the status and protection of the state border of.

Thus, the question of what the State Duma is doing is relatively closed. Approves or rejects laws, appoints or dismisses certain persons, deals with amnesty issues - all these and many other functions are performed by the Lower Chamber of Parliament in Russia. Further it is necessary to consider questions about when and under what circumstances the State Duma can be dissolved.

On the dissolution of the State Duma

The State Duma may be dissolved in some cases referred to in articles 109, 111 and 117. 109. The first thing to note is that only the president has the right to dissolve the lower house of parliament. However, according to part 3 of Article 92, such a right can not be enjoyed by a person replacing the president, or temporarily performing his duties.

It is also worth mentioning why the procedure for the dissolution of the State Duma is necessary in the Russian Federation. In fact, such a scheme is an extreme way to overcome disagreements between the executive and legislative branches of power. So, in order to avoid conflicts that can significantly hinder the development of political and public life of the country, it is necessary to perform a kind of "reset" of relations. The President timely, in accordance with all constitutional norms, dissolves either the Government or the State Duma, thereby resolving the conflict situation and opening the way for further development by finding compromises.

Criteria for the dissolution of the State Duma

As already mentioned above, the criteria and conditions for the dissolution of the lower house of parliament are enshrined in articles 111 and 117 of the Russian Constitution. Thus, part 4 of Article 111 tells that the State Duma of the Russian Federation can be dissolved if it has three times in a row expressed a lack of confidence in candidates for the post of Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. It is in this case that the head of state is able to dissolve the current composition of the State Duma, independently appoint a prime minister and announce new elections to the lower house of parliament.

The second case is fixed in the constitutional article 117. According to paragraph 3, the State Duma is dissolved by the president in case of repeated expression of distrust to the Government. A clear period of three months is set here. Exactly so much time has the State Duma to think about taking an active government structure.

When the State Duma can not be dissolved?

There are several circumstances that deny the possibility of dissolving the State Duma. All of them are given in Article 109 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. What exactly is it about? The State Duma can not be dissolved if:

• Did not pass at least one year from the beginning of her work;
• If the State Duma has brought charges against the incumbent head of state (but this circumstance ends with the adoption of a corresponding decision by the SovFedom);
• An emergency or martial law has been introduced in the Russian Federation;
• There are six months or less until the end of the presidential term.

Composition of the State Duma

What does the State Duma do? The answer to this question was given. However, another important problem remained unresolved: the composition and structure of the Lower Chamber of Parliament.

September 18, 2016 in Russia elections were held for deputies to the State Duma. On October 5, the final composition of the seventh convocation was formed. Its chairman was Vyacheslav Viktorovich Volodin - a member of the faction "United Russia" (ER) and state counselor of the Russian Federation first class. 343 seats were taken by MPs of the EP, 42 by persons from the Communist Party, 39 from the LDPR and 23 from the "Fair Russia".

Thus, the article provided answers to questions about what the structure of the lower house of Parliament is, what its composition is, and what the State Duma is doing. Grade 4 (answers and questions from the Olympiads, textbooks on social science) and school classes are more likely to raise questions about the political structure of the Russian Federation. If adults do not know anything about this, the level of political culture in society will begin to fall precipitously. This will entail all sorts of problems. In order to have the most general idea of the state structure, it will be enough to read the Constitution alone.