Vaccine against smallpox - indications and procedure for use

Varicella is an infectious disease that is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It is among the most widespread and contagious diseases in the world, and therefore a vaccine against smallpox is simply necessary, do not neglect its use.

This disease is transmitted by airborne droplets. The susceptibility of the human body to this virus is very high. If a person has not been vaccinated, then when they are in contact with a sick chicken pox, the probability of infection is almost 100%. The vaccine against smallpox can significantly reduce the probability of the disease.

Although this is considered a childish disease, as it is mainly affected by children under 10 years old, adults who are not vaccinated are also at risk of disease.

Manifestations of this disease is the appearance on the skin of a rash in the form of vesicles, inside of which there is a transparent liquid, it is the vaccine against smallpox that helps to avoid and significantly reduce the risk of contracting this disease. A few days later, a large number of these vesicles appear, they gradually dry up, and a kind of crust on the human body is formed. In the normal course of the disease, it lasts from 7 to 10 days.

Usually, for most people, the disease with chickenpox ends in complete recovery. In some children, the virus remains in the intervertebral nerve ganglia and is activated after several years, with shingles appearing to prevent such complications and a vaccine against smallpox is needed.

This complication is usually observed in about one in five children who have had chicken pox. It can manifest itself after 50 years, when there is a natural decrease in overall immunity, especially in HIV-infected people.

Possible consequences of the disease

Chickenpox is a fairly minor disease, but it can be complicated, for example, by the occurrence of pneumonia, encephalitis, which has significant consequences and can even lead to death, so the varicella vaccine can save a person's life.

If there is a secondary infection of vesicles, it threatens the formation of scars on the skin. In children, pneumonia often develops, congenital chickenpox syndrome and perinatal chicken pox are much less likely.

For people who have problems with immunity, the course of this disease passes in severe form, there may be repeated cases of manifestation of shingles.

In children who take steroid homoids and get sick with chicken pox, it can even have a fatal outcome.

But among the children, the complications that cause death are much less common than in adults, so the smallpox vaccine should be used in early childhood.

Vaccination against varicella can be carried out for all children older than one year (performed once), as well as for children over 13 years old and for adults - twice with an interval of 7-10 weeks.

First of all, the following categories of population should be vaccinated:

- People who suffer from severe chronic diseases;

- patients with acute leukemia ;

- People who receive immunosuppressants and radiation therapy;

- patients who are scheduled to undergo organ transplant.

Vaccination can be carried out if there are no symptoms that indicate a lack of cellular immunity, and the level of lymphocytes in the blood should not be lower than 1200 / mm3.

Contraindications

The presence of acute infectious and non-infectious diseases is a temporary contraindication. Also, vaccination should not be carried out in the presence of severe immunodeficiency. The vaccine is not administered to pregnant and lactating women, as well as to persons who are allergic to the components that make up the vaccine.