Vaccine against poliomyelitis alive: instructions, reviews, composition, complications. Vaccines against poliomyelitis imported and their names. Response to the polio vaccine

Vaccination issues are always a stumbling block between health workers and parents. This can be said even then, if the vaccine against poliomyelitis is meant. It can be done either by oral route or by injection. What are the differences between these types of vaccinations, which is better to choose - we will try to understand the article.

Poliomyelitis is ...

This disease is considered quite rare today, but not completely eradicated, so it is better to hedge. Poliomyelitis is caused by viruses and provokes the development of paralysis, and they lead to disability for life.

This disease can cause the development of respiratory and cardiovascular insufficiency, because there is a paralysis of the musculature involved in respiratory movements. This condition can eventually lead to death.

To date, there is still no such medicine that could fully cope with the disease, so the only rescue is the polio vaccine.

In world medical practice this vaccine has been used since 1955, which allowed many states to completely get rid of this terrible disease. Currently, only a few countries remain sources of this infection.

Varieties of vaccines against poliomyelitis

Now in the arsenal of doctors there are two vaccines that can prevent the onset of the disease.

1. Oral live vaccine Sebina (OPV).
2. Inactivated Salk vaccine (IPV).

If we talk about the composition of the vaccine against poliomyelitis, both versions contain all the viruses of this disease that are available to date - 1, 2. 3. The first vaccine is produced in our country, and the IPV is in other countries, but its use in Russia is authorized by the Ministry of Health.

Combined vaccine against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis "Tetrakok " in its composition also has IPV. It is registered with us in the country and is widely used.

In pediatric practice, vaccinations are beginning to be given to babies already from the age of three months. What polio vaccines are used - import, for example, Imovax Polio, or domestic - you can discuss with your doctor and express your preferences.

Vaccination schedule

Pediatricians have a vaccination schedule, which they must adhere to. Each vaccination is done at a certain age. The vaccine against poliomyelitis is no exception. The manual contains detailed information about this. The first inoculation is done to the baby when he is three months old. The second dose of the vaccine should be taken to the children's body after another month and a half, and then another 6 months, the vaccine is vaccinated.

To obtain a stable and reliable effect, revaccination should be performed, it is done at 18 months and after another two months. The last time the vaccine should enter the body at the age of 14.

In those countries where the virus that causes this disease is not eradicated to the end, the vaccine is done in the maternity hospital. She is not able to create long-term immunity, so from two months begin a full vaccination.

It is necessary to know that only five vaccinations can provide reliable protection against this terrible disease. If, for some reason, the schedule of the vaccine enters the body, then do not start all over again, or you can simply spend the missing vaccinations.

Vaccine against poliomyelitis alive

This type of vaccine was created in the middle of the 20th century by the famous Dr. Sebin. In its composition there is a very weak, but living pathogen of the disease. The drug is a reddish liquid with a bitter taste.

The vaccine enters the human body through the oral cavity, the doctor simply drips a few drops into the child's mouth with the help of a specially designed dropper for this purpose. Since the vaccine can be of different concentrations, the number of drops is calculated on the basis of this.

It is important to consider that the vaccine should not get into the stomach, otherwise it will simply collapse there and not have the proper effect. With this in mind, babies drip the vaccine to the root of the tongue for up to a year, this zone contains almost no taste receptors, which prevents possible regurgitation.

Older children drip on the palatine tonsils. If a live vaccine against poliomyelitis is used, the instruction recommends repeating vaccination in the event of vomiting or regurgitation in children. After this vaccination, you can not eat or drink anything for an hour.

After getting on the lymphoid tissue, the virus gradually penetrates into the blood, and along with it into the intestine, where it starts actively multiplying. The human immune system begins to respond to a foreign invasion by the synthesis of antibodies, they will form a reliable protection against a full virus. If a person encounters a living strain, the immune system will quickly activate the formed antibodies, which will suppress the development of the disease.

The vaccine against poliomyelitis (OPV) has this feature: children after vaccination still for a couple of months release into the environment a strain of the virus with exhaled air, by sneezing, thus "vaccinating" other babies.

The reaction of the body to vaccination

In children after vaccination, the following phenomena can occur:

• The body temperature may rise slightly. This usually occurs between 5 and 14 days after vaccination.
• Some people have a disorder of the stool, diarrhea or constipation occurs in the first few days.

Such a reaction to the polio vaccine is the norm and should not scare parents. All these manifestations quickly pass and do not require any treatment.

Complications after vaccination

A vaccine against poliomyelitis complications can also cause. Among them are the following:

• Development of poliomyelitis against vaccination. This phenomenon is possible in the event that the vaccination is done not by the rules and with errors, for example, against the background of an infectious disease of the child, malformations, problems with the gastrointestinal tract.
• Development of allergic manifestations in the form of a runny nose, rashes on the skin.

At occurrence of any suspicious displays parents should necessarily call the doctor. But most often this vaccine against poliomyelitis reviews is good - children easily tolerate it.

Contraindications for vaccination of OPV

This type of vaccination can not be done if:

• HIV is diagnosed.
• There are various tumors in the body.
• Taking corticosteroids or cytostatics.
• If the family has immunodeficiency patients, then this also serves as a contraindication to vaccination.

If OPV can not be done, this does not mean that another type of vaccine will also be contraindicated.

Inactivated vaccine

This type of vaccine was created in 1950 by Solcom. The composition of the vaccine against poliomyelitis of this species is slightly different. It, in contrast to OPV, contains a virus that has been rendered harmless by formalin. Release it in a disposable syringe, which contains a single dose of 0.5 ml.

A vaccine against poliomyelitis is introduced - the instruction informs about it - in the shoulder or thigh, so it is not necessary to observe the drinking regimen or restrict the consumption of food.

The ingestion of dead pathogens into the body also causes the formation of antibodies, which, when encountered with a live strain, will protect against the development of poliomyelitis.

How does the body react to such an inoculation?

Despite the fact that this vaccine does not contain live viruses, it can also provoke some of the body's reactions. Among them most often the following:

• Some have redness at the site of the injection and a slight swelling.
• Body temperature can also slightly increase.
• The appetite is broken, and there is some anxiety.

This vaccine against poliomyelitis reviews is positive and considered safer. Such conclusions are based on the fact that it simply can not provoke the development of vaccine poliomyelitis, is released in a single dose, so there is no danger of overdose. Inoculation in the form of an injection, so it can not be regurgitated, as it happens in children with OPV drops.

IPV not shown

This type of vaccination is contraindicated in the presence of allergic reactions to certain medications, they include:

• "Streptomycin".
• "Kanamycin".
• "Neomycin".
• "Polymyxin B".

Contraindication can also serve as a strong allergy to the previous dose.

Who is not recommended for any vaccination?

Whichever vaccine against poliomyelitis is used, there are conditions and diseases in which it is contraindicated to vaccinate:

1. The presence of infectious diseases at the time of vaccination. In this case, the vaccination can be done only after the organism has got rid of the disease and is fully strengthened.
2. If there are chronic diseases, then vaccination should be done only during a period of stable remission.
3. The reason for refusing to vaccinate is the appearance of severe edema, high fever, allergic manifestations after a previous vaccination.
4. Bearing of the child.

Vaccines against poliomyelitis may have different names, but contraindications must be taken seriously, otherwise there can be no guarantee of the absence of side effects as well as complications. This applies not only to those that are produced in our country, but also imported.

Until this terrible disease is completely eliminated on the globe, the problem of vaccination will remain relevant. Recently, in the literature, on the Internet, you can find a huge amount of conflicting information. Some argue that vaccinations are harm, and supporters of another theory - that they are a panacea for terrible diseases.

No wonder that in recent years many parents have started to refuse any vaccinations. The vaccine against poliomyelitis also falls into this category. Of course, to pass the vaccination or to refuse it - everyone decides for himself.

But everyone should be aware that the refusal of vaccinations can lead to serious consequences if suddenly a virus causing serious diseases appears on the way. I want to advise: before making your choice in the direction of vaccination or against it, you need to carefully study this issue and weigh the pros and cons.

And it is better to consult a competent specialist, and not read reviews on the Internet, then you will not regret your decision. Be healthy and take care of your children, remember that their health is in your hands.