CMD commands: list, description and application. Network Commands CMD

Most users of personal computers do not face the need to use any CMD command. Many just have the functions provided by the visual shell of the operating system. Nevertheless, there are situations when you have to manipulate the system directly, that's when the command line comes to the rescue.

What is the command line

This software is part of the standard programs of the system. CMD provides the user with the ability to work with the system and files directly. The application has a textual interface, and the result of the execution is displayed on the screen. Simply put, the command line translates the user's requests into a form understandable by the system. Externally, of course, the program looks for a simple user is not very familiar, but it has a number of positive properties, and besides it is faster than the visual component. The command line is built into every version of the Windows operating system.

Ways to run the command line

Developers of the operating system provided several options for starting the CMD:

• Go to Start / Standard Programs / then select "Command Line" from the list.
• Go to the Start menu, select "Run", enter CMD.exe in the window that appears. You can also call the "Run" window using the Win + R key combination.
• Go to the system folder C: \ Windows \ system32 and select the program CMD.exe.

CMD commands

Most of the most important commands can be obtained using the Help command. After entering this request, the Windows CMD commands appear with information about their application methods. All of them can be divided into several fairly large groups. Their separation occurs according to the principle of application. For example, CMD commands run commands used. Below are the most common of them. They are also the most necessary commands of the CMD line.

The basic commands for working with system directories

This list of commands is useful if you want to access the folders located in the system:

• Dir - provides the ability to view folders in a list. Using the additional command-line criteria, you can sort the directories by a number of parameters.
• RD - provides the ability to delete an unnecessary directory. With additional parameters, you can specify removal criteria: for example, delete several folders at once.
• MD - the command creates a new folder (directory). Various options allow you to create catalogs of different kinds.
• CD - provides the ability to move from one directory to another, in some cases you will need to use quotation marks.
• XCopy - used to copy folders, but their structure does not change. Unlike Copy, this one has more advanced command capabilities. Through the CMD with this request, you can perform fairly flexible operations.
• Tree - provides an opportunity to display catalogs in a graphical form. By default, the display is by means of a pseudo-graphic.
• Move - applies both to move and to change the directory name. The command allows you to move several folders at a time.

Basic commands for working with files

These CMD file commands can be useful to very many users of a personal computer:

• Del - the command is used for deletion. Can be used to delete one or more files. In addition, it is possible to delete only read-only files;
• Edit - the command launches the text editor;
• Ren - allows you to rename a file. You can also use rename;
• Move - used to move and rename a file ;
• Copy con - allows you to create a new file;
• Fc - allows you to compare what is in two files. The result of the work is the appearing symbols that give information about the status of the comparison;
• Type - applicable for text documents. Executing the command is to display the contents of the file;
• Copy - allows you to copy and merge files.

Commands for diagnosing computer hard drive and system

In addition to all these advantages, CMD commands allow you to check for errors in the operation of hard disks or to change volume labels, as well as to do defragmentation.

• Compact - this command allows you to display and configure compression in the NTFS file system. By using this command, you can save a lot of disk space.
• Format - Format the disk or floppy disk. Note that formatting will completely erase all data on the media.
• Chkdisk - checks and displays information about the media. The team will help you find out about the occupied space, the amount of space on the damaged sectors and so on.
• Fsutil - provides information about the file system and allows you to make changes to it.
• Chkntfs - allows you to show and configure disk checking during Windows startup.
• Convert - allows you to convert a volume from one file system to another. You can not change the type of an active volume or disk.
• Recover - a command to recover data from damaged media. This process takes place by reading one sector after another. Reading occurs only from those sectors from which it can be considered. The data located in the damaged physical sectors will not be restored. Most often, they restore text documents from damaged floppy disks.
• Diskpart - allows you to open data about the disk and perform the required configuration.
• Vol - provides information about the serial number of the hard disk.
• Label - used to view and edit volume labels. Note that for FAT32 file systems, the volume name can contain no more than 11 characters, and NTFS 32 characters.

Information Commands

This type of commands will help you get information about versions, configurations, and installed drivers:

• Ver - provides information about the version of the system using the CMD command, Windows 7 also supports this request;
• Driverquery - allows you to view information about installed drivers; The mapping can take the form of a list, a table or a CSV;
• Systeminfo - provides information about system configurations. Configurations can be viewed on both the local and remote computers, and the command also provides properties about the service packs.

Process and Application Management Commands

Commands for managing and modifying operating system settings:

• Shutdown - the command is used to turn off, restart, or put the computer into sleep mode. If you have the necessary rights for the user, you can perform the settings remotely;
• Time - used to display and change the current time;
• Date - used to display and change the current date;
• Tasklist - provides the user with a list of the processes currently running on the local or remote personal computer;
• Schtasks - allows you to create, configure or delete scheduled tasks in the operating system. In the graphical interface, the command is represented by the program "Task Scheduler";
• Taskkill - used to terminate processes by means of identifiers or names of executable files. Use the tool to start with Windows XP.

Commands for configuring the command line

This group of commands refers directly to setting up the CMD. The commands will help clean the screen, change its appearance and so on:

• Exit - allows you to close the packet data or completely close the command line.
• Color - provides the ability to change the background color or font in the command window. The color is specified by a hexadecimal number. The high-order bit indicates brightness, and the next bit indicates color. By default, white letters are used on a black background.
• Title - allows you to change the name of the CMD.exe window.
• CMD - allows to launch a new window of the Windows command line interpreter. Usually, the need for this command arises when you want to predefine these CMD settings.
• Prompt - allows changing the command prompt greeting. If you use a command without parameters, then the text of the prompt will look like the current disk, the directory, and the "more" symbol.

Network Commands CMD

For most users, the need for these requests is extremely rare, but professionals believe that these codes are very helpful when working with a computer:

• Getmac - the command provides information about the hardware addresses of network adapters. In this case, you can learn both local and remote addresses;
• Netsh.exe - the command executes opening of one more line. With it, you can configure the network if necessary. Many experienced users consider this program indispensable. For getting help about the commands, you need to write it with a question mark;
• Ipconfig - allows you to get information about the protocol settings. Sometimes the command allows you to update the data in automatic mode. Older operating systems may not support the operation of this CMD command;
• Nbtstat - the main purpose of the command is to display NetBt information. In addition, names and content are displayed;
• Netstat.exe - this command displays connection information. The output allows you to see all the information associated with the network protocols.

It is worth remembering that, in addition to these network commands, there are still some that will help to simplify the work of users. It should be remembered that it is necessary to use these commands only when there is confidence in the action being taken. Incorrect use of CMD commands can lead to serious problems in the operation of the personal computer.

List of useful commands

In addition to the above commands, there is still a huge number of others:

• Break - the command allows you to enable the processing of keys CTRL + C;
• Debug - launches a tool for debugging and other changes to software products;
• Devcon - the command launches a tool alternative to the task manager;
• Exe2bin - the command converts exe format applications to binary format;
• Hostname - provides the ability to get the computer name;
• Logoff - the command terminates the Windows system.

All the above CMD commands will simplify the work with some software tools. The main thing is not to try to use the requests not for their intended purpose, in order to avoid the loss of important information and other undesirable consequences.