Types of greenhouses and their construction (photo)

The greenhouse is a structure that has light-transmitting walls and a roof and is intended for growing various plants in the spring-autumn period, when weather conditions do not allow you to shoot several crops in one year.

Currently, there are a variety of types of greenhouses. In their form they are large and small, square, rectangular, one- or two-slope, etc. Frames can be made in the form of a tent, arch, house or have a different shape. Types of greenhouses vary in size: they are standard and non-standard. They are made of polycarbonate, wood, metal. Choosing a heifer is necessary in view of what the goals are for it, for which it is generally needed. Cost also plays an important role.

How to choose a greenhouse for cottages?

Ideally, the structure should have the following characteristics:

• Be of sufficient quality;
• Reliable;
• Durable;
• Adapted to different weather conditions.

In addition, it should be practical and convenient to use, as well as inexpensive.

When choosing a greenhouse, each person pursues a variety of goals. For some, it is enough to have a nice appearance and look good against the background of the house or plot. For other people who view the greenhouse as an aid in the household or a way of doing business, more serious characteristics are needed. Appearance for them plays not the most important role.

Demountable or stationary?

Before acquiring a greenhouse, you should determine which model is needed: stationary or demountable. With a stationary fuss much less - once installed and forgotten. Collapsible same will have to install and disassemble twice a year. However, if the greenhouse will be at the dacha, where you can only go in the summer, and in the holiday village quite often thefts occur, it is more expedient to purchase a dismountable model.

What will be grown

Before making the final choice, it should be decided what exactly you will grow in the greenhouse: tomatoes, cucumbers, greens, sprouts, etc. The decision is yours, but it should be borne in mind that different greenhouse cultures differ in the cultivation regime and the requirements for moisture and lighting . In addition, some plants do not tolerate any neighborhood and can harm each other.

After you have decided which plants will be grown, you can choose the construction of a suitable height.

What are greenhouses?

To date, the modern market offers a variety of types of greenhouses and greenhouses, different in form, characteristics, size and cost. For their production modern quality and reliable covering materials are used.

Types of greenhouses

Depending on the coating used, such structures are divided into the following types:

• Polycarbonate.
• Film.
• Glass.

All types of greenhouses are good, but their functions are performed with varying degrees of efficiency. Each option has its advantages and disadvantages.

Film greenhouses

The film is one of the most widely used covering materials.

• The main advantage of such facilities is cheapness.
• Another plus is the possibility of self-erection. Film Types of greenhouses with their own hands are very easy to assemble. To do this, you will only need polyethylene film, rake, screwdriver and furniture stapler.
• Such a structure perfectly passes the ultraviolet rays, which are so necessary for the normal development of plants,
• There is no need to erect any foundation.

To my great regret, film greenhouses have many drawbacks. First of all, this is short-lived. The film tears easily enough and seldom experiences wintering. For the next season, the greenhouse needs to be re-tied. Yes, and the frame, made of boards or slats, can rarely withstand more than 2 seasons. Humidity and heat are ideal conditions for the development of wood fungus.

Reinforced polyethylene film due to a special reinforced mesh is more durable. It can withstand not only a strong wind, but even hail.

Glass greenhouses

Glass is a durable and durable material for covering greenhouses. Its distinctive properties are high light transmittance and excellent thermal insulation.

However, glass greenhouses have a drawback: inside the air can become very hot, which can very badly affect the health of plants. Also their minus is the laboriousness of glazing. A large mass of glass requires a reliable, and therefore expensive, frame. The glass should have a thickness of at least 4 mm. The larger the frames, the better the coverage of the greenhouse. But this increases heating costs. Yes, and replace the large broken glass will also be more expensive.

The disadvantages of glass greenhouses include the fragility of the material itself, which has the property of breaking not only due to physical influences, but also due to temperature differences (large temperature differences inside and outside the greenhouse in severe frost).

Polycarbonate constructions

This relatively new material has recently actively captured the greenhouse market and the attention of truck farmers. Polycarbonate structures have a number of clear advantages over film and glass species. The material has advantages:

• High strength (almost 200 times stronger than glass), heat resistance and fire resistance.
• Extraordinary lightness (weight of cellular polycarbonate is 16 times smaller than that of glass, and 3 times less than acrylic of similar thickness).
• High thermal insulation and low thermal conductivity.
• High light transmission (the transparency of the material is up to 86%). In addition, the material diffuses light, so that it falls on almost all the beds.
• Good noise and sound insulation.
• High chemical resistance.
• Excellent resistance to various atmospheric influences.
• Polycarbonate is durable. Products from it have a warranty service life of up to 10-12 years.
• Polycarbonate does not beat, does not crack.
• Has a special protection against ultraviolet radiation. Due to the protective layer, hard UV rays do not pass through the polycarbonate honeycomb.
• Ease of installation. The lightness and flexibility of the sheets makes it possible to create original and elegant designs of various types.
• It looks attractive and modern.

All types of greenhouses made of polycarbonate have some disadvantages:

• If the sheets are placed incorrectly (protected from UV rays inside), then their service life will be significantly reduced (from 10 years to 2-3).
• Practically all types of greenhouses made of polycarbonate (photos are available in the article) require the erection of a foundation for their normal activity.
• The material has a hollow structure, the inside often gets water and dirt. This contributes to the deterioration of light transmission and a fairly rapid loss of heat, which is undesirable. In addition, the appearance also deteriorates.

Types of greenhouses and their construction

Under the polycarbonate, skeletons are made and built, which differ in both shape and material used. The most common types of polycarbonate greenhouses - arched and tent (house). All the others are variations of these two.

Arched constructions

Arched types of greenhouses and greenhouses - one of the most popular designs on the market. They are used for the early and all-season cultivation of various garden crops and flowers.

The frame consists of semicircular arches, which are often installed on a vertical base. As a rule, these are factory-made greenhouses.

The types of greenhouses (photo above) of the arch structure have the following advantages:

• They are resistant to environmental influences. Due to the streamlined shape, they do not retain snow.
• Their installation is quite simple, which allows you to build these types of greenhouses with their own hands.
• The presence of a small number of compounds. A typical construction, the width of which is 3 meters, is covered by one sheet, fixed on the frame only at the ends.
• The consumption of polycarbonate on the greenhouses is small.
• Good penetration of sunlight.
• Low cost.
• Can be installed without a foundation.

The disadvantages are:

• Small functionality.
  Low height of the outermost beds.
• Arched greenhouses are good for low crops, such as peppers or eggplants.

Tent structures

Hip-roof types of greenhouses and their structures are most often chosen for self-construction, but there are also factory variants. Pluses:

• The possibility of creating an individual design.
• Dimensions can be the most non-standard for any culture.
• Very practical and functional.

Their main disadvantages are:

• For the frame, the most durable material should be used.
• The cost compared to other species is higher.
• The consumption of polycarbonate is quite large.

Types of skeletons

The frame of the greenhouse can be made of the following materials:

• Tree.
• PVC.
• Metal.

Currently, the wooden frame is used less and less. The tree requires impregnation with special compounds against decay, various fungi and other destructive, negative phenomena. Bury in the ground wooden racks also can not, without previously covering them with waterproofing materials. Otherwise, the structure will fall apart quickly. All these nuances make the installation process quite laborious and unprofitable.

The framework for PVC greenhouses in our country is used quite rarely. Its advantages:

• The material does not rust and is not prone to rotting.
• Does not lend itself to the negative effects of various chemicals, fertilizers, etc.
• Very practical.
• The material does not need special treatment, such as painting, impregnation.
• Appearance is quite aesthetic.

Metal frames are among the most durable structures. They do not rust, do not succumb to rotting, do not emit harmful toxins, they do not need to be dyed.

The biggest disadvantage is the high cost of aluminum. In addition, there is a very high probability that the greenhouse can be disassembled and carried to a metal reception point.

Industrial greenhouses

The only significant difference between industrial greenhouses and those used on private plots and cottages is their size. They can occupy quite impressive areas, which exceed 1000 square meters. M, and their height can reach 6 m.

Types of industrial greenhouses:

• Seasonal. The period of active exploitation is limited by the season (March-November). They are used for growing crops, which are in high demand among consumers of agricultural products.
• Year-round, allowing to receive a high crop even in winter. All types of winter greenhouses are quite expensive, but the high profitability of the farm with more than enough to pay back costs in the shortest time.

The efficiency of industrial greenhouses depends on the following factors:

• The possibility of creating and maintaining a suitable temperature regime and humidity;
• The quality of the materials used to build the structure;
• Availability of irrigation, lighting, heating and other systems.