Types of educational organizations. Article 23 of the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation"

Article 23 of the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" lists all types of educational organizations, their features, goals and objectives. Next, we will analyze this article and clarify its details.

Criteria for the division of educational institutions into separate types

When all educational institutions are subdivided into types, the general educational programs chosen for their activities are taken into account. In addition, the division is carried out and taking into account the type of programs. It can be:

1. Main educational programs.
2. Additional training programs.

General education programs include professional and general education. The Law provides for six different types of educational organizations: four, involving the implementation of basic educational programs, and two types aimed at additional development of schoolchildren.

All institutions that implement educational programs are further subdivided into 4 types:

• 2 types of institutions of general education (general education and pre-school education organizations);
• Two types of organizations providing vocational training (educational organization of higher education and educational professional organization).

According to the Law of the Russian Federation of July 10, 1992, only two types of educational institutions were envisaged, and they were not clearly specified in the article. Special education in the law was assigned to correctional institutions, it was their responsibility to train children with disabilities. Separately, there were also institutions for the upbringing and education of orphans.

Features of correctional institutions

With regard to special institutions, we note that the current renaming of them into general education organizations does not imply their liquidation.

The law provides for the formation by state bodies of RF subjects of such educational organizations in which instruction would be conducted according to special programs adapted for the blind, hard of hearing, mentally retarded or deaf children, as well as for pupils with musculoskeletal problems, speech disorders, autism and other defects Health.

Professional training of children with physical limitations is also carried out on the basis of special programs that are adapted for these categories of schoolchildren.

On the order of implementation of educational activities

Article 23 of the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" provides for the existence of four variants of educational institutions that have the right to implement basic educational programs.

The first of them is the educational pre-school organization - an institution whose main goal is the care and supervision of children, as well as the realization of education and upbringing in educational programs for preschoolers.

On August 30, 2013, the Order of the Ministry of Science of the Russian Federation (No. 1014) approved a special Order, according to which all educational work on the basic programs is organized and implemented. Their options for pre-school education are designed for those organizations that care for babies, including both private kindergartens and day-care groups.

Preschool education

It is important to remember that counting on preschool education, kids can not only in specialized children's institutions, but also in the family. In point 6 it is stated that in the pre-school educational organization care, supervision, preschool education is carried out from 2 months to the complete termination of the relationship (if the pupil reaches 6-7 years of age). Groups created for the realization of this goal can be health, compensating, general development and combined orientation.

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science on October 27, 2011 was recognized as having lost its validity. Letter dated August 8, 2013 of the Ministry of Education and Science contained the recommendations of the Department of state. Policies on the acquisition of those educational institutions that are engaged in the implementation of basic general education programs of preschool education and training. Moreover, the letter dealt with the creation of unified approaches to the number of children who need to attend pre-school educational institutions.

There were in the letter and recommendations to municipal authorities on the creation of a single information resource "electronic queue" in kindergartens. The terms for providing information on the number of applications (movements) for the current academic year were also determined. For registering in the register, parents or legal representatives of the preschooler fill out a form on the Internet that is freely available or use the advice of a specialist from the municipal district municipality. Also, you can personally apply to the authorized body with a written application for a place in a preschool.

The letter also contained recommendations on the order of arrival of children in pre-school institutions. Thanks to this law, children have the opportunity to attend kindergartens and fully prepare for school.

School education

The general education organization is an institution that aims to fulfill the program of primary, secondary and general basic education. Their functioning is subordinated to the RF Government Resolution of 2001. Despite the fact that the document was issued long ago, it is periodically modernized and republished, it has not lost its power and is being used now.

According to this document, general education organizations include:

• Primary general education school;
• Basic general education school;
• Secondary general education school;
• Middle-level institutions with in-depth study of certain subjects;
• Gymnasiums that train students in the natural, technical, humanitarian fields;
• Lyceums, implementing programs of secondary and basic education in profiles (directions).

The specificity of Art. 23 of the RF Law "On Education"

The law described does not imply a separate division into the types of educational organizations that provide in-depth (additional) training for schoolchildren, as a lyceum or a gymnasium, and therefore questions arose even before it was put into effect.

There were fears that he did not envisage the development of gifted (talented) children. But in fact, everything is not so, this law on education in the Russian Federation is aimed precisely at the formation of talented youth. Regardless of the status of an educational institution, the pedagogical composition creates favorable conditions for schoolchildren.

Different types of educational organizations assume differences not only in status, but also in special financing conditions. Under the new law, a transition was envisaged for a classical version of financing for financing based on the results of the municipal (state) order. All the requirements for the graduate of the school are prescribed in the standards of the new generation: education of citizenship, patriotism, ability to self-development, self-improvement.

Professional education

A professional educational organization is an institution whose main purpose is the functioning of educational activities under special programs of vocational secondary education.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 533 of July 18, 2008 regulates these types of educational organizations. The main tasks of a special secondary educational institution are:

• Realization of the individual's needs in cultural, intellectual, moral development, through the acquisition of professional secondary education;
• Market saturation by specialists with secondary vocational education;
• Development in the younger generation of diligence, citizenship, responsibility, creative activity, independence;
• Preservation of cultural and moral values of society.

According to this law, there are types of educational organizations of middle level:

1. The technical school, in which programs for basic training are implemented.
2. A college offering training in in-depth programs.

Name of educational institutions

Secondary special, general educational, institutions of additional education, when created, receive a clear name, which is specified in the organization's Charter. When the status of an institution changes, the name of the institution also changes without fail.

Recently, many schools and institutions of additional education, decide at a meeting of the team about renaming the organization or awarding her the name of Hero of Russia. Such an initiative should be supported by municipal authorities, the entire collective, the public concerned. At the general meeting, a vote is taken, then a protocol is drawn up, a petition is filed with the local authorities. After consideration of the filed application, a decision is made.

With a positive outcome, the organization of preschool education, a school, a technical school or college makes adjustments to the Charter and changes the seal. In the work books of employees indicate the new name of the organization.

Higher education

Considering different forms, types of educational organizations, one can not ignore higher education institutions. Their main goal is educational and scientific activity under special programs. According to the standard provision on the structure of higher education, standards are gradually being introduced for each direction of study and for higher-level specialties.

Additional education

The centers of additional education are created for the organization of extracurricular activity of preschool children and children of school age. In the law on education of the Russian Federation, explanations are given regarding the filling of groups, sections, circles, normative and financial support of activities. Recently, interest in such institutions has been increasing, in each district center there are at least one additional education center, and most of the sections, circles offered to children, are free.

The educational process in the DLC is carried out on the basis of individual curricula. Groups create by interests, age, direction of activity. A variety of laboratories, sections, clubs, circles, ensembles, orchestras, studios, theaters: all this is offered to children outside the school walls. In addition to group options, additional education also offers individual forms of work.

Additional professional education

The purpose of creating such organizations is the implementation of activities on special professional programs. They have the following functions under the "Law on Education":

1. Help specialists in mastering information about the latest achievements in science and technology, advanced foreign and domestic experience.
2. Advanced training and retraining of specialists of institutions, organizations, dismissed workers, civil servants, unemployed specialists.
3. Carrying out of scientific researches and experiments, realization of consulting activity.
4. Full scientific examination of individual projects, programs, other documents on the profile of the organization

Conclusion

Article 23 of the Law "On the Education of the Russian Federation" fully explains the entire classification of educational institutions, their goals and objectives, the specifics of funding and the legal form. It also includes the types of educational programs. In addition, the Russian legislation will determine the procedure for the establishment of public education institutions of various types and types.