The scheme of water supply of a private house. Project, equipment, price

More recently, life in a private home has been associated with some domestic inconveniences. So, for example, there were no rooms with a bath or a shower, there was no full washing in the kitchen, washing was carried out by hands, and the toilet was completely outside. As for the availability of water, it had to be brought in buckets from the nearest well or column. As a result, almost all the volume was spent immediately. For washing dishes or bathing it was necessary to heat water in large containers. But today, these problems are practically none of the owners. Solved them allowed full-value water supply and sewerage at home. However, even today in some dwellings everything is the same as before. The owners of such unsuccessful structures are trying to improve the situation. Next, we will analyze what the scheme of water supply of a private house is.

Centralized connection: general information

Water supply at home can be arranged in several ways. The difference is in the sources. Centralized water supply is possible only if there is a highway near the building. Connection is carried out by the control organization. To do this, contact the relevant department in the area. The organization will provide a water supply scheme for a private house. It contains information on the location of the connection, its technical characteristics, depth of occurrence and the diameter of the elements. Also, the guaranteed head (pressure) of water will be indicated .

Features of a centralized connection

As practice shows, such a scheme of water supply has some drawbacks. In particular, during operation, the pressure may drop drastically or initially be insufficient and not ensure the normal functioning of the systems. In addition, the water itself can contain various additives, including chlorine. When carrying out emergency repairs on the main to the house, water will not arrive until the end of the work. Payment is carried out in accordance with the meter readings monthly. One of the advantages of a centralized system is that when the electricity is turned off, the water in the house will continue to flow.

Autonomous system

Connection in this case can be carried out in one of two ways. So, the water supply of a house from a well can be arranged. Such a system is relevant under certain conditions. Arrangement of the well, as a rule, is carried out when suitable for drinking, quality water lies at a depth of four to fifteen meters. At the same time, its layer should be such as to provide for the needs of a family of 4 people. On average, the water reserve is 200 liters. The disadvantage of this connection is the probability of penetration of groundwater. There is one more variant of connection. Many owners of suburban real estate equip water supply at home from the well. What is better to build on the site, will depend on the properties of the soil, in the first place. Equally important is the depth and location of the aquifers and their productivity.

Comparative characteristics of autonomous systems

Water supply of a private house from a well has its advantages. Let us consider them in more detail. The first and undeniable advantage of having such an object on the site is that if there is a malfunction in the operation of the equipment, the water will still be in the house. It can be typed in buckets. The life of the well is at least half a century. It does not require a lot of money to develop it. The service life of the well is an order of magnitude smaller. At the same time for its construction will have to put a relatively large amount. In this regard, the size of the budget will be one of the fundamental moments in deciding which water supply of the private house will be chosen. The price depends on many circumstances: the method of drilling, the type of construction and other things. As a rule, special machinery participates in the work. In most cases, the owner of the kopka is the owner. This significantly saves money. Before making a final decision, you should talk with the locals. For neighbors, for example, you can take water for testing. Usually, if the majority of wells are dug, then it is better to equip it on their own plot.

Features of drilling

There are two types of wells: artesian and "on the sand." The choice of which construction to equip depends on the type and depth of the layer from which water will be taken. The well "on sand" was named so for the fact that drilling affects the upper layers of the "sandy horizon". It lies behind the loam, which, in turn, is a filter for groundwater. Drilling artesian wells is carried out to a layer of limestone. Its depth can be 135 m.

Drilling "on the sand"

This kind of well can go deep into the earth for 40-50 meters. Sometimes in the process of drilling it turns out to get into the channel of the underground river. In this case, the depth of the well can be only 15 m. At the same time, filters and pipes for water supply will not be clogged with sand particles, since the layer has a pebble structure. The lifetime of the facility can be 15-20 years. A typical well can serve from 5 to 7 years. 15-meter depth is easier to reach manually. In addition, the excavation of the soil will be significantly reduced. In this case, it is more likely to get into a good layer, since drilling is done by experience. The use of special equipment requires, of course, high costs. At the same time, according to some experts, such drilling will be less effective. This is explained simply. The fact is that the machine drills only to a specified depth. In this case it will be difficult enough to get into a good layer.

The second type of autonomous sources

The water from the artesian well is of a higher quality. At the same time, the stock of raw materials has practically no restrictions. It is at least 1500 liters. For water intake there is no need to install special equipment. The fact is that in this case there is a high pressure. Thanks to it, the water itself escapes. The lifetime of the source is 50 years. However, the artesian well has its drawbacks. First, it is its high cost. And secondly, such objects must be registered, because the limestone water layer belongs to the state strategic reserve.

Required items

The scheme of water supply for a private house involves the use of special equipment. It can be installed both in the residential building itself and directly above the source. To supply raw materials, water supply stations for the house can be used. Thanks to their use, uninterrupted feed and pressure are ensured. The water supply pump is connected to the accumulator. To him, in turn, the bends are attached. When water enters the house, for example, a tap opens in the bathroom or in the kitchen, the system gradually begins to lose pressure. The control mark is considered to be 2.2 bars. When the head drops to this value, a special relay is triggered. Due to it, a pump starts to pump the water again. This continues until the pressure rises to 3 bar. After that, the same relay reacts again, and the pump shuts down.

Cost of main elements

When installing the pump above the source, a caisson is used. In fact, it is docking. The cost of the caisson is about 15,000 rubles. The price of the pump is set in accordance with technical qualities. The average cost is in the range from 2000 to 40 000 rubles. Specialists do not recommend buying a pump in advance. This is due to the fact that the technical characteristics of the source will be provided after drilling. Therefore, it is more expedient to purchase the pump in accordance with them. So you can choose the optimal type of product, which will ensure an uninterrupted supply.

Water supply scheme for a private house

The system should consist of the following elements:

1. The source of water.
2. Accumulator. It is necessary for the formation of a certain pressure and pump control.
3. Filters. They are used for water treatment and water treatment. For a competent choice of equipment it is necessary to take samples and carry out an examination. For technical water, a separate branch is arranged. It does not need to be filtered, because it is not used for drinking or cooking food.
4. The pump.
5. Heating equipment. Due to it hot water supply of the house is provided.
6. Collector system.

Features of the arrangement

Installation of water supply is best carried out in warm weather (in summer). In this period, there is less chance of making a mistake with the location of a good layer. The water level at this time is the lowest, the soil is malleable, which facilitates digging trenches. Many owners do not purchase a hydraulic accumulator because of its high cost. It is replaced by self-made structures to control the pump.

Place for source

The digging of wells is quite common today. Its arrangement is less laborious and costly. In addition, as was said above, in the event of any unforeseen circumstances, the water intake can also be carried out by a bucket. However, before you start kopka, you need to choose the right place. Search can be carried out using folk methods or modern instruments. A trouble-free, but old enough way is visual observation of the volume and presence of dew in the morning hours (from 4-5 am) for six months. The collected information is outlined, then the diagrams are drawn up, analyzing which section shows the larger accumulation.

When choosing a place for a well, it is necessary to take into account some sanitary restrictions. So, for example, in a radius of 50 meters from the future source should not be located cesspools, toilets, compost heaps, sewage and other contaminants. It is not recommended to dig a well very close to home. This is due to the fact that washing the sand can trigger a foundation shift. After the place for the future source is determined, it is necessary to order the project. Water supply of a private house as a whole is a labor-consuming and relatively expensive process (the cost of drawing up a plan, for example, is about 50 r / m2). But as a result, the residents of the residential building receive the necessary amenities and comfort. Of course, you can try to plan yourself. But not all have engineering skills and relevant knowledge. While the project of water supply of the house will be prepared, it is possible to start digging a well.

Pit

One of the most common options for arranging a water source is a well with reinforced concrete rings. First you need to level the pad. Next, you need to draw a circle, the radius of which will be greater than the ring by about 10-20 centimeters. Digging is carried out with a shovel. It is necessary to stop when the edge of the ferro-concrete ring, when mounted in the pit, protrudes by 10 cm. As a rule, the height of the side of the element is 90 cm, but it can be 100. Once the required depth is reached, the ring falls into the pit. At the same time, it is necessary to install at least three connecting braces on its end. Further digging must be continued. The depth should again correspond to the height of the ring. The soil forms in a container and rises upward. After the required depth is reached, the first ring is lowered down, and the second ring is fixed to its end with the help of the brackets. In it it is necessary to make a hole, the diameter of which is more than 1.5 times that of a pipe for water supply. Then the work should be continued. Kopka and the installation of rings ceases from the moment when water begins to seep into the well. I must say that, as a rule, this is quite an intensive process. Intensive water intake is usually observed on the 6-8th ring. It is desirable that there are more than 3 fontanels. At this point, you should stop, pour out the sand with water and take out the soil. Then you need to go deeper for about half a meter. At the same time, the pump should continue to work, as the water flow is very intense. After the excavation is completed, the pit should be left for a day to determine the level. At the same time, it is necessary to cover the mine from above, so that somebody does not accidentally fall into it.

The final stage

After a day, check the water level. Optimum will be 1-1,5 meters. This water must be pumped out. At the bottom of the bottom are laid stones of small size, then the layer of crushed stone is filled in 30-50 cm. Thus a water filter is created. All joints of the rings must be sealed with a cement-sand mortar. If the work is done correctly, the shaft should be filled with approximately one and a half concrete rings.

Connectivity

Installation of water supply involves the installation of equipment and the laying of bends. From the source to the construction it is necessary to excavate the trench lower than the depth of freezing of the soil. It will be laid in a pipe. The material from which this element is made can be any. Here you need to focus on the budget and the necessary characteristics. Often choose metal-plastic pipes. They are convenient for installation, have flexibility, strength and durability. As for the pump, it is recommended to install it in the utility room of the facility.

Retracting

The pipe should be wound in a hole on the ring, bent and lowered to the very water. A screen filter is inserted into the element inside . The lower edge of the pipe should be located from the bottom of the shaft at a distance of 30-40 cm. After it is necessary to pump out the water again. Then a pin is driven into the bottom. A pipe will be fixed to it. In the concrete ring, the hole is sealed with cement mortar. Then the trench must be buried. At a depth of 40 cm and a distance of 1.5 meters from the source, a clay lock with a thickness of half a meter is set up near the source. So the well will be protected from penetration of ground and rainwater.

Some recommendations for choosing equipment

Depending on the technical characteristics of the well, a water supply system is selected. As a rule, the most common units pump from a depth of 9-t, and raise to a height of 40 meters. For a remote source, it is more expedient to purchase a self-priming centrifugal pump equipped with an external injector. It is capable of swinging from a depth of 45 meters.

Unit installation

Where the pumping station will be located, in winter the temperature should not be lower than two degrees. Next, consider the main points of installation. Before entering the pump, a check valve and a coarse filter are installed. After the unit, the element for fine filtration is laid. Next, you need to connect a pressure gauge, pressure switch and other devices. In the collector, distributing water to consumers, a pipe is started. In the end, the wiring is routed through the rooms.

Water supply from the well

The selection of the location of the source is subject to the same restrictions as those given above. The only difference is that the well may be in close proximity to the structure. The cost of drilling is in the range of 1900-3000 p / m. The amount of payment will also depend on the remoteness of the site, the types of elements used, the presence of sandy quicksand in the ground and other. With a view of economy it is possible to carry out work independently.

Drilling by yourself

To do this, you need a column, a lift and a tripod. The latter is set over the place of the future source. To deepen the first 1-1,5 meters, a whip drill is used. With its help, the top layer is removed. Further, a casing with teeth is inserted into the formed hole. With its help, drill until the moment when a good aquifer appears. In this case, everything that comes before it, you can skip. After finding a suitable layer inside the casing is inserted a plumbing galvanized pipe, at the end of which a filter is installed. To connect the lengths of the elements a coupling is used, and the joints are greased with a good sealant. After that, the casing is removed.

Equipment installation

There are two ways of mounting. In the first case, a warm utility room is installed over the well, in the second - the caisson is installed. Consider the latter option. At a depth of 2.5 meters and a diameter twice as large as that of the caisson, a pipe is dug. At the bottom should pour concrete cushion, the thickness of which is 20 cm. It will carry the load from the caisson. The well pipe is cut off. It must be done so that it protrudes inside the caisson by 500 mm. At a depth of about 1.8-2 meters, a trench is excavated. It is laid pipe, which will lead the water into the residential building. The accumulator is installed in a warm room. The pump is fixed in the caisson and connected to the tap. Then the control unit and filters are installed. On the contour, the caisson should be filled with a solution. The thickness of the layer is 30-40 cm. After the concrete has dried out, the remaining space, leaving about 50 cm to the upper level, should be covered with sand-cement mixture. Then the soil is laid. This will ensure good protection of the caisson against frost.

Distribution within the structure

After the water is brought into the house, you can wiring through the premises. In this case, equipment for heating is installed. Instruments are produced today are different. For example, you can install a gas boiler that is two-circuit. One tap will be used to heat water in the heating system. The other will be for domestic needs. A tap with cold water from the pump is fed to the boiler, and from it - comes out with a hot. It is connected to the collector. He, in turn, distributes water around the house. You can install a single-circuit boiler. It is designed to heat water exclusively for domestic needs. They produce both electric and gas models. You can also install a storage water heater. Such a device operates on electricity. In large houses, several flow heaters are installed in a number of cases. After the water supply at home has been installed, it is necessary to take care of the sewerage and drainage. These elements are mandatory in the system.