Reinforced concrete staircases: application, structure

It is difficult to imagine a modern urban landscape without a multitude of multi-storey houses, which, in turn, can not do without staircases, so necessary for buildings for industrial and residential purposes.

In mass construction, the most common are reinforced concrete staircases. They, despite the unsightly appearance, have many useful characteristics.

Advantages

Such products are distinguished by the absence of costs in use, ease in decoration, low cost and high strength. Their mass production is carried out in accordance with GOST, regulating the dimensions and properties. They also have a long period of use, low susceptibility to wear and fire-resistant characteristics achieved by using a material that is not subject to fire.

The prefabricated reinforced concrete staircase is made of waterproof concrete of heavy type with high frost resistance, reinforced with special metal rods and reinforcing wire.

Due to the basis of high quality raw materials, these building structures can be used in regions with seismic hazard and changing climatic conditions for creating panel-frame buildings of industrial, residential and public use, not only inside houses, but also from the outside. Possible use as basement, basement and interstorey structures.

Types

In large buildings, the ladder is divided into marches, the number of which depends on the number of floors. Marches are steps that are mounted on load-bearing beams. The device of the stairwell consists in connecting the landing areas with two marches.

There are two types of such stairs - prefabricated and monolithic. The latter are a classical construction in the form of a reinforced concrete block, which has become most common in standard houses.

Prefabricated concrete products are based on strings or strings, they are more convenient for creating elements with non-standard dimensions. Ferro-concrete staircase marches are divided by the platforms by structural design into rotary, circular, multi-and single-marsh. There are also modifications for moving with the left or right direction.

Ribbed reinforced concrete with frieze steps are installed on the beams with reinforced reinforcement, there is a frieze and for connection to the sites. Flat versions are marked with LM and are based on a reinforced flat plate. The designation of LMP is used for spans of a ribbed type with a built-in area. Despite the possibility of using only on condition of preliminary calculations or in standard houses, they are distinguished by convenience and a shortening of the construction period.

Ladder March: Dimensions

Reinforced concrete structures, the main dimensions of which are represented by width, projection height and length, are produced in a standard size. Due to this, it is possible not to make preliminary calculations using monolithic variants. In prefabricated bases, beams and steps are made in standard dimensions with differences for stairs of any purpose. The marsh can have a length of up to 6900 mm with a width of 650 to 1700 mm. The minimum step height is 150 mm.

Change settings

Due to the existence of many models of concrete products, it is possible to easily install ready-made structural elements in houses with rooms not exceeding a certain height. But sometimes there are some inconsistencies.

If the reinforced concrete staircases have too much height, the surplus is eliminated by using a frieze bottom element, buried in the base. It is not allowed to increase the mounting height for the lower stage, since this can lead to injury, which is most often caused by insufficient lighting.

To solve the problem, the level of the lower element is changed by several degrees. The slope compensates for elevation and will not be noticeable during travel. The shape of the upper plate varies with a shortage of the length of the march, while the lower edge of the plate becomes the support of the frieze of the upper element.

Finished constructions

When there is a lack of free space, which often arises with individual low-rise construction, concrete products are made to order, in accordance with the original parameters. The step height in this case is the main reference dimension.

Ready-made staircases (reinforced concrete) Have acquired their wide distribution due to the quality characteristics and universality of application. They reduce construction costs and accelerate the timing of its implementation. An unattractive appearance can be completely transformed by a decorative finish, the options of which depend on financial possibilities and general stylistics. Actively used painting, finishing with artificial stone, tiles or tiles.

Reinforcement

Strengthening of marches is necessary in the places where there is no qualitative support under the middle part of the structure. Due to the reinforcing cage, the occurrence of faults and cracks in the concrete is prevented, thus reinforced concrete staircases acquire greater strength.

Bars of steel are laid along the supporting base with subsequent cross-linking by qualitative cross-links. A metal corner is used to close the edge of the steps to avoid crumbling. Secure bonding of concrete and angle is ensured by welding of steel wire elements.

Before pouring concrete mass into the formwork, insert plates made of metal or wood plugs are mounted, then a perimeter fence is fixed on them.

Taking into account the fact that the concrete mass should not have layers, each degree is poured in one step. The planes created by the marches, steps and platforms after completion of the filling of the mortar are leveled with special tools. After the final hardening of the mass, reinforced concrete staircases are ready for use.