The prefix-suffix method. The formation of words in an affirmative-suffix way

What is the prefix-suffix method of word formation? You will find the answer to this question in this article. In addition, we will tell you about what other ways of word formation are, how they differ from each other and give some concrete examples.

General information

"Form the prefix-suffix way word ..." - this is the beginning of most of the exercises on the presented topic. But before you begin to perform a practical task, you need to study the theoretical part.

First, you need to understand what word formation is. This term hides an entire section of linguistics. It examines all the existing ways of forming words. Knowing them in theory and applying them in practice, it is quite easy to understand how the Russian language is constantly enriched.

Ways of forming words

The formation of words with a suffix-suffix method is one of the most difficult. It should also be noted that besides him, there are other languages in Russian. And before presenting you with the prefix-suffix method, you need to tell about other ways that play an equally important role in word formation.

So, in Russian there are the following methods, with the help of which new words are formed:

• prefixal;
• Suffix;
• Pristavochno-suffixal;
• Bezafiksny and a number of others.

In this article, we will describe in more detail only the first three. After all, such methods are interrelated, and they can not be considered separately.

Prefix method of word formation

About what features are hidden in the prefix-suffixal method of word formation, we'll talk a little further. Now I want to tell you about how the Russian language is enriched thanks to a pure pre-emptive method.

For this method, it is characteristic to add to the base of the prefix (or the so-called prefix). Here are some examples:

• The word "companion" is formed with the help of the prefix co, added to the producing basis "comrade";
• The word "enemy" is formed with the help of a prefix of a "friend" added to the producing basis;
• The word "supernumerary" is formed with the help of a super-additive, added to the producing basis, "early";
• The word "impart" is formed with the help of a prefix added to the producing basis "give";
• The word "give away" is formed with the help of the prefix of the "added" to the producing basis "give."

Features of the prefix method

When forming words in this way, you should know that:

• The word-building prefix is added to the entire word;
• The prefix method is used in the formation of absolutely all significant parts of speech;
• When adding any prefix, the part of the speech of the main word does not change.

Suffix method of word formation

In order to form the words prefix-suffix, one should necessarily know the basic rules of the suffix and prefix method. The latter was considered above. As for the suffix method, then, according to the name, words in Russian with the help of it are formed by adding to the producing basis of one or another suffix. Here are some examples:

• The word "countryman" is formed by adding the suffix -ak- to the producing basis "earth";
• The word "birch" is formed by adding the suffix -nak-to the producing basis of "birches";
• The word "grayness" is formed by adding the suffix -ost- to the producing basis "ser";
• The word "worker" is formed by adding the suffix -nik-to the producing basis of "works";
• The word "room" is formed by adding the suffix -n- to the producing basis of "rooms".

Features of the suffix method

The represented way of word formation is one of the most widespread. With the help of such a method, practically all the significant parts of speech are formed in our native language. It should also be noted that with the suffix method, the part of the speech of the new word may be the same as that of the producer, or may be different. For example, nouns with suffixes -eni- and -ani- are formed usually from verbs (appear - appearance).

The prefix-suffix method

Not for nothing that your attention was presented to the two previous ways of word formation, because the named is to add both a suffix and a prefix to the producing basis at the same time. It should be specially noted that this method of word formation is the most difficult.

The method is prefix-suffix: examples of the formation of words

Despite the fact that this way of word formation is recognized as one of the most complex, thanks to it our language has become more diverse and beautiful. After all, there are an incredible number of combinations of prefixes and suffixes, which can be attached to almost any producing basis. In order for you to see this, let's present some examples:

• The word "mediocre" is formed with the suffix -n- and the prefix of the "gift" added to the producing basis;
• The word "gift" is formed with the help of the suffix -ok- and prefixes, added to the producing basis "gift";
• The word "humming" is formed with the help of the suffix -a- and the prefix, added to the producing basis of "singing";
• The word "five" is formed with the suffix -om-and the prefix -b, added to the producing basis "five";
• The word "blind" is formed with the suffix -ovat- and prefix of sub-added to the producing basis "blind";
• The word "inevitable" is formed by the suffix -n- and the prefixes of non-added "escape" to the producing basis.

Features of the prefix-suffix method

As you can see, it's quite difficult to form a word in the way-suffix way. And in order to do it correctly, it is necessary to know all the features of the morphemes used.

By the way, this method produces not only the names of nouns and verbs, but also adverbs and adjectives:

• Glass - cup holder;
• Weapons-disarm;
• His - in his own way;
• Chef - sponsored.

When using this method of word formation, one should also pay attention to the following nuances:

1. The meaning of the new word, which was formed with the help of the suffix-suffix method, is often derived from the combination of the noun name, which stands in the oblique case, and the preposition. In this case, in the derivative expression, the prefix, which is homonymous to the last one, is usually used. For example:

• Window sill, that is under the window;
• A glass-holder, that is, under a glass;
• Moonless, that is, without the moon.

2. It should not be forgotten that the suffix -y- may not be expressed in a word by a graphic sign. For example:

• People-and-without-people.

3. All adverbs that are written through a hyphen are formed using the prefix-suffix method. For example:

• From the adjectives by means of a prefix, and the suffixes -em-, -omu- (the adult is adult, the wolf is wolf-like, and the good is good, comradely, comradely );
• From ordinal numerals by means of prefixes vo- and v-, and also suffixes -ih and -yh- (the third is third, the first is first-first).

4. As it was said above, the meaning of derivative words that were formed by the prefix-suffix method is usually motivated by a combination of nouns with a preposition. Moreover, in the derived adjective, a prefix is used which is homonymous to the preposition, and there is also a zero suffix. For example:

• Without-horn-0-y, that is, without horns;
• Without-feet-0-i, that is without legs.

However, there are also derived adjectives, which along with the prefix also have a materially expressed suffix. For example:

• Without-harm-n-yy (derived from a preposition and a noun "without harm");
• Without-ticket-n-th (derived from a preposition and a noun "without a ticket").

Fixing material

Now you know how words are formed with the help of prefix, suffix or prefix-suffix methods. In order to consolidate this topic, you need to do several of the following exercises:

1. If possible, form nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs from the following bases: sword, village, work, cry, read, harm, story, window, door, wilderness, trembling, flight, elevation, incision , Sunrise.

2. Define the generating words for the following adjectives: innocent, illiterate, beardless, hairy, voiceless, talkative, divadic, polar, bony, intercity, current, paternal, cognizant, repetitive, today, tolerant, tired, reader.