Electroforming machine - the principle of operation. How to make an electro-personal machine with your own hands

The electric machine works as a continuous source of electrical energy. This device is often used as an auxiliary for demonstrations of various electrical phenomena and effects. But what is its design and features?

Some of the history of invention

The electric machine was developed in the far one thousand eight hundred and sixty-fifth year by August Tepler, a German physicist. Curiously, quite independently, another scientist-experimenter, Wilhelm Goltz, invented a similar design, but even more perfect, since his apparatus allowed to obtain large values of potential differences and could serve as a source of direct current. In addition, Holtz's machine was much simpler in design. In the late nineteenth century, the English experimenter in the field of electricity and mechanics, James Wimshurst, perfected the unit. And to this day it is his version (albeit slightly more modern) that is used for demonstrations of electrodynamic experiments due to the ability to create a huge potential difference between collectors. The electric machine was improved already in the forties of the twentieth century by a scientist named Ioffe, who developed a new type of electrostatic generators for powering an X-ray unit. Although the Wimshurst machine is not currently used for the immediate task of extracting electric energy, it is a historical exhibit that illustrates the history of the development of engineering thought and scientific and technological progress.

Electroform machine design

This device consists of two disks that rotate towards each other. The work of the electro-electric machine is precisely the realization of such a double mutual rotation. On the disks there are current-conducting isolated segments from each other. With the help of the sides of both discs, condensers are formed. That is why an electro-machine is sometimes called a condenser. On the disks there are neutralizers, which take charges from the opposite elements of the disks to the ground with the help of brushes. The collectors are on the left and right. It is they who receive the signals generated by the combs from the rear and front discs.

What are the banks of Leiden?

In many cases, charges accumulate on capacitors. They are called the banks of Leiden. After that, it is possible to play much stronger sparks and sparks. The internal plates of each capacitor are connected to the conductors individually. Brushes that touch the sectors of the discs are combined with the inner linings of the Leiden cans. The entire structure is currently mounted on plastic racks. Together with the Leiden banks, parts of the machine are fixed on a wooden support. Given the visibility of the design, an electro-machine with their own hands can be made quite simply. Even a person who does not have a special technical education can assemble and operate it for his own pleasure.

What is the work of the electrophore machine based on?

Using the mutual effort of both disks - this principle is the main one in this device. The effect of the potential difference, followed by discharges and sparks, is achieved by the correct arrangement of the sectors. Of course, there are developments that use clean discs, but they do not give a similar efficiency . Such designs are often used in small educational institutions. The distance between the disks of such a device as an electrophotographic machine plays a crucial role and has a significant effect on achieving the necessary voltage on the capacitors.

What is the principle of the device?

The electric machine since its invention (and this is the beginning of the eighteenth century) has experienced many changes. But the main idea remained. The basis of the design of the machine are discs with glued plates (metal strips). By applying a certain mechanical force with a belt drive, they can be rotated in opposite directions, opposite to each other. On the plate of one disc there is a positive charge. He will attract another charge (negative). The positive will leave through the conductor with brushes (neutralizer), which touches the opposite lining. Turning the disks, we get charges similar to the initial ones. But they will already affect the other plates. Given that the discs rotate in opposite directions, the charges flow to the collectors. With such a demonstration apparatus as an electrophore machine, the principle of operation is based precisely on this moment. On the brushes of both disks that do not touch their surface and are at the edges, the charges at some point become so huge that a breakdown occurs in the airspace and an electric spark jumps. This is why it is possible to attach additional capacitors of different capacities to the collectors, which will give greater beauty to the effect of the discharge.