The peoples of Asia of the Southeast, Central and Middle

Asia is the largest part of the world and with Europe forms the continent of Eurasia. From Europe it is conditionally divided along the eastern slopes of the Ural Mountains. Asia is washed from the north by the Arctic Ocean and is separated from North America by the Bering Strait. From the east it is washed by the Pacific Ocean, in the south by the Indian Ocean. And in the south-west of the border pass through the seas of the Atlantic Ocean, and from Africa it is separated by the Suez Canal and the Red Sea. Because of such a vast territory, Asia is characterized by a diversity in nature, climate. And as a consequence, the peoples of Asian countries, speaking different languages, have their own, sometimes very rare national ethnic roots, professing different religions. Their formation began a long time ago. It was in Asia that the oldest civilizations in the world were born. On its territory to this day there are rare tribes, in which only a few hundred people live.

Half of humanity

The peoples of Asia are the most numerous. Most of them are Chinese, Bengali, Hindustans and Japanese. This is almost three billion people - half the world's population. The first settlements, and then the first states arose in the basins of the rivers Huang He, Tigris, Euphrates, Indus. Irrigated land, a favorable climate for life contributed to an increase in the population. The peoples of Asia began to settle, to settle other areas that are favorable for life. In the era of great migration people wandered to the north, south, east, and also to the west - to Europe. The most populated and today remain South, East and West Asia.

The Motherland of Religions

Many religions exist on the Earth, but Asia is the birthplace of the three most famous in the world. This is Buddhism, Islam and Christianity. In South-West Asia, in the first millennium AD, Christianity arose. Developing, it broke up into several directions. The most significant are Orthodoxy, Catholicism and Protestantism. Muslims are adherents of Islam that originated in the Arabian Peninsula in the seventh century AD and is now very strong in the Arab countries and in the south-west. The oldest religion Buddhism originated in South Asia in the sixth century BC, And is now widely distributed among the peoples of East and South-East Asia. In Asia there are religions, which are adhered only to the peoples of individual countries. This is Japanese Shinto, Indian and Bangladeshi Hinduism, Chinese Confucianism.

Regions of Asia

In general, throughout the whole of Asia, there are five vast regions: North, South, Central, East and West. From the names of territories received their generalized names and peoples of Asia. There are two mainstream tribes. The Mongolian lives in northern and eastern Asia, and the Central Asian - in the western and southern. The southeast is mostly inhabited by Malays and Dravidians. These tribes in number in second place. By language, the peoples of Asia are represented by Hyperboreans and High Asianers. Hyperboreans are inhabitants of the Far North: Koryaks, Chukchi, Chuvashs, Yukagirs, Kuril residents, cottages and Ostyaks living on the Yenisei. Most of them are still pagans or accept Russian Orthodoxy.

Mongolian Language Group

The High Asian language group is divided into sub-groups of polysyllabic and monosyllabic languages. In the first subgroup - the Urals and the Altaians. Altaians are Mongols, Tungus and Turks. The Mongols are divided into Buryats and Kalmyks in the western part and Mongols proper in the eastern part. The development of the language, literature and culture of the Mongols and Kalmyks took place under the influence of Buddhists from India. The Tungus, however, had very strong Chinese influence. The peoples of the Turkic language subgroup are divided into four more. The first - with the center in the Siberian city of Yakutsk, which received its name - "Yakut" - from the name of the city.

Eastern Turks

The second is the eastern Turks, the peoples of Central Asia, Speaking in ancient ждаhigatai and Yugur languages. In the territory of modern Central Asia, there are Kirghiz, Kazakhs, Turkmens, Tajiks and Uzbeks. Modern researches show that here, as well as in China, there was a becoming of a world civilization. And yet a hundred years ago these peoples lived in feudal-patriarchal states. And even now the medieval customs and traditions are strong here, honoring the elders, being reserved in their national groups, being wary of strangers. Preserved traditional clothing, housing, and the whole way of life. The hot climate and droughty climatic conditions contributed to the development of endurance, adaptability to extreme situations among the peoples of these countries, and at the same time restraint in emotions and feelings, and low socio-political activity. The peoples of Central Asia have very strong tribal and, especially, religious ties. In the Central Asian countries, Islam was firmly planted. Its rooting was facilitated by the simplicity of the dogma and the uncomplicated nature of its rituals. With a relatively large psychological similarity, the peoples of Central Asia are largely self-sufficient. So, the Kazakhs and Kirghiz, like the Mongols, since olden times were engaged in breeding sheep and horses, led a nomadic way of life, lived for a long time away from people. Hence their restraint in communication and love of animals. The Uzbek people since ancient times engaged in trade and agriculture. Therefore, it is a sociable, enterprising people with a careful attitude to the land and its wealth.

The Arab-Persian subgroup

The Ural Tatars, the inhabitants of Kazan and Astrakhan, and their tribesmen in the North Caucasus constitute the third Turkic subgroup, and the Turks and Ottomans are the fourth, southwestern branch of the Turkic tribe. The peoples of the fourth language subgroup developed under Arab and Persian influence. These are the descendants of the Kanglians who lived near the banks of the Syr Darya River and founded the Seljuk empire. The empire disintegrated under the pressure of the Mongols, and the people were forced to move to Armenia, then to Asia Minor, and under Osman established the Ottoman Turkish Empire. Since the ancient Ottomans led either a completely sedentary or nomadic way of life, now it is a mixture of different racial types, in which affinity with other Turkic peoples is revealed. Persian and Transcaucasian Türks of Seljuk origin are very mixed because their numbers were reduced by incessant wars, and they were forced to mix with Slavs, Greeks, Arabs, Kurds and Ethiopians. With all the ethnic diversity, the people of the southwestern Turkic branch are united by a strong Muslim religion and culture, which also has been violated by Byzantine and Arab influences. Turks and Ottomans - a solid people, serious, not fussy, not talkative, not intrusive. The villagers are hardworking and hardy, very hospitable. Urban residents love idleness, the pleasures of life and at the same time fanatically religious.

One-language language group

The second largest subgroup of the Mongolian language group is the numerous peoples of China, Tibet, the ancient Himalayan tribes, the wild tribes of Burma, Siame, and also the remaining primitive peoples of South Asia. They form a monosyllabic language group. The development of peoples in Tibet, Burma and Siam was influenced by the ancient culture of India and Buddhism. But the few peoples of East Asia have experienced and are experiencing the strongest influence of China.

The People of the Middle Kingdom

The Chinese are the oldest people in the world. Ethnogenesis lasted several millennia. In religion, there are three teachings - Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Until now, many peoples have a cult of ancestors, piercing all beliefs in China. The hereditary peasants - the people who grow different varieties of rice live in the provinces of Yunnan, Jingpo, Dachang. The Khsi swords of the Achani people are very popular in China. Farmers of Bai nationality live on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. People of this nationality have a rich history and ancient culture. On the banks of the Huangkhe River, the people of the smallest people in China, the Baoan, are engaged in agriculture and cattle breeding. The Buys people number more than two million and live in the region where the Hueanguoshu Falls are located. Tea and cotton are grown by Bulan nationals. Daurians live on the coasts of the Nenjang River. For twenty centuries, bamboo plantations of the Yunnan and Lingchang provinces cultivate dengi. And the dune settlements are surrounded by fir forests of the regions of Jenyuan, Jinping and Tianzhong.

Samurai

The Japanese people and its origin are viewed from three positions. The first is the Japanese in a racial sense as an ethnogroup and a nationality. It is generally accepted that modern Japanese are descendants of the Mongoloid race. Their ancestors are the ancient peoples of Southeast Asia. Since the third century BC, as a result of the mixing of the Mongoloids of China, Korea and Manchuria, a racial type emerged as the foundation of an ethnic Japanese. And under the term "Japanese political" in the nineteenth century, several ethnic groups of the Japanese archipelago were united. And as a nation, the Japanese appeared with the emergence of Japan as a state. The graphic system of the Japanese language is the katakana and hiragana alphabets and four thousand Chinese characters. The language is part of the Tungus-Altai group and is considered to be isolated. Modern Japanese culture is opera noo, kabuki theaters and puppet bunkara, Japanese poetry and painting, it's origami, ikebana, tea ceremony, Japanese cuisine, samurai, martial arts.