The paradigm is an explanation of the basis of science

A paradigm is a collection of different views, ideas and concepts relating to problem models and how to solve them. This definition also refers to the system of research methods adopted in a certain historical period in a scientific society. At the moment, they are the basis for a community of researchers around the world. If we formulate the meaning of the word "paradigm" more simply, then this is the initial model or scheme for posing the problem, as well as ways to solve it. The term is most often used in sociological and philosophical circles.

Absolutely all of the sciences known to date required time for formation and development. When the basic concepts are formed and the period of maturity is coming, the time of transition to the paradigmatic status comes. Each of the sciences requires for this different period of time, it all depends on their relevance and relevance in society. A paradigm is a definite structure that contains concepts about the very subject of science, its methods and theories.

Each science passes through four general stages of development:

- The first stage is the accumulation within a certain paradigm of already existing knowledge.

- The second stage is characterized by an abnormal state, since the available knowledge does not explain the scientific facts obtained during the research.

- The third stage is a crisis period, when it comes time for a new paradigm to replace the old one.

- 4th stage - revolution.

There are several kinds of paradigms. Some are designed to justify the fact that a certain science should be given a status of independent. The latter point to certain historical periods in which the formation and development of the teaching took place. A paradigm is also a scientific community that develops science at a certain stage. It can not be compared with theory, because its capabilities are much broader. Within the paradigm, scientific categories can be created, it creates an idea of the subject, explains the very nature of the object. Due to this, it is possible to distinguish their different types and build an unlimited number of theories.

The paradigms of sociology are divided into three types. The first concerns social facts, they reduce all sociology to only two groups: institutions and structures. There is also a paradigm of social definitions. In this case, the main emphasis is not on the facts as such, but on the ways by which they are found and determined. If society agrees with the opinion that certain facts are real, then they are such. People have the opportunity to act as actors and evaluate their reflection on the basis of symbols, meanings, gestures, which are a combination of factors characteristic of social reality.

The paradigm is also the study of social behavior. This system is more suitable for American schools. It is based on observation and detailed study of social behavior and psychological factors associated with it. If a person behaves properly and does what society expects from him, then he wants to get the appropriate compensation. If he leads an immoral lifestyle, he is waiting for punishment for it. American sociology schools have devoted a lot of scientific works to this issue and continue research in this direction.