Carcinoma is what? Squamous cell carcinoma

Oncologists achieve good results in the treatment of carcinoma, but it is worth taking care of your body, promptly identifying the disease or not allowing it to appear.

The concept of "carcinoma"

Carcinoma is a malignant tumor that affects the internal organs and epithelial cells of the human skin. In any tissue structure where they are contained, this tumor can develop. The place of its appearance is mainly determined by the nature of the cells from which it consists.

In human organs, various types of carcinoma can develop. For example, it may be a squamous cell tumor or adenocarcinoma, which usually occurs in the cervix. Most often they can be found in the mammary gland in women, the prostate and lungs in men, as well as the colon and skin, regardless of sex.

Basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor that has slow and limited growth. It appears on the skin as a separate nodule, which has a smooth surface of red or pink. The disease is characterized by the presence of a translucent pearl band.

A tumor of this type can have in its composition a different amount of melanin pigment, which affects its shade. The central part of the node as it grows is covered with crusts and ulcerates. Basal cell carcinoma may have the form of satellite nodes or ulceration, the center of which is covered with a crust.

Sign of this disease is also concomitant telangiectasia. In this case, the underlying tissue in the presence of a tumor is invaded and ulcerated. Carcinoma invasive has the following types:

• Knobby;
• Superficial;
• Sclerosing;
• Pigmented.

With this disease, metastasis is extremely rare.

Squamous cell tumor

Squamous cell carcinoma is a tumor that consists of cells of multilayered planar epithelium. In the main there is keratinization. Its cells are connected with each other by desmosomes. Squamous cell carcinoma in the central part may contain concentric aggregates.

The tumor of this species is characterized by rapid growth and metastasis. It is the second most frequent occurrence and mainly develops in middle-aged and elderly people. Most often squamous cell carcinoma occurs because of frequent exposure to the sun. It can also develop under the influence of other carcinogenic environmental factors.

This type of cancer in men is three times more common than in women. In general, affected areas of the skin, which are more exposed to the sunlight. The squamous cell tumor at the initial stage of development extends locally, but can subsequently move to remote sites. It can be treated with radiotherapy or surgical excision of the affected area.

Causes of carcinoma

To date, there are no known causes of this disease. It is worth familiarizing with the factors that trigger carcinogenic mechanisms, which can be as follows:

• In the human body there is a hormonal imbalance;
• Hereditary predisposition;
• Infection with a certain virus;
• Industrial carcinogens.

The histological difference between normal and carcinoma-affected epithelial cells is the presence of a large nucleus. The structure of the tumor can be different and depends on the features of the structure of the epithelial tissue, from which it occurred.

Squamous cell carcinoma develops if the malignant process affects tissues that come into contact with the external environment. If the cancer process has captured the epithelium of glandular tissue (carcinoma of the thyroid gland, prostate, bronchi), the disease will refer to adenocarcinomas.

Diagnosis of carcinoma

Symptoms of the disease depend on the histological structure of the tumor, its location and the degree of metastasis. At an early stage, she practically does not manifest herself, as well as other malignant diseases. Diagnosis mainly depends on the location of the carcinoma. In oncology clinics, the following methods can be used:

• Positron Emission Tomography (PET);
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI);
• Computed tomography (CT) ;
• Radioisotope scanning;
• Radiography;
• Sight biopsy with cytological and histological analysis;
• Detection of tumor markers;
• Endoscopic examination.

Treatment of carcinoma

The method of treatment of the disease is determined individually, depending on its stage and localization. Surgical intervention is acceptable if the tumor is small and no metastasis has occurred.

If carcinoma consists of a large number of malodifferentiated cells that have an increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation, radiation therapy is used. It can also be used to remove metastases.

Chemotherapy is typical for the treatment of patients who have an advanced stage of the cancer process. In this case, the operation is impossible.

Good results are achieved by combining carcinoma with the Israeli oncologists: operative, radiotherapy and chemotherapeutic.

Papillary Cancer

Papillary carcinoma is a malignant tumor that affects the thyroid gland. It is found in 80% of cancers of the body. In most cases, papillary carcinoma can be treated well.

Deliver the most accurate diagnosis in this case helps fine needle aspiration biopsy. The size of the tumor can be up to several centimeters. Emerging entities are not encapsulated. Histological studies have shown that papillary carcinoma has the appearance of branching stems that are covered with cubic or cylindrical epithelium and have a connective tissue base.

In the center of cancer education of this type, you can find calcium deposits or scar changes. Often there are bodies of basophilic and calcified masses. Cells are hormonally inactive and unable to capture radioactive iodine.

Carcinoma of the thyroid gland slowly develops through the lymphatic vessels. Metastasis occurs in the lymph nodes. Rare appearance of metastases is rare, which is possible in the presence of mixed papillary-follicular cancer and is made precisely of the follicular elements of the tumor.

In the most cases, complete removal of the thyroid gland and lymph nodes is performed if they are affected by metastases. After the operation, radioactive iodine therapy is performed to eliminate the smallest tumor sites. After removal of the thyroid gland, the patient should take special hormonal preparations, without which his body will not function properly. To prevent recurrence of carcinoma, ultrasound examination is necessary every year.

Cervical cancer

This disease can be diagnosed as a cervical carcinoma and is one of the most common tumors that are relevant to the female sexual sphere. Most often he is exposed at the age of 35 to 50 years. Regardless of age in this category, you can include girls who change their sexual partners quite often.

Carcinoma of the uterus can appear in the presence of venereal diseases, as well as long-term use of contraceptive hormonal drugs. Adverse effects are exerted by the onset of sexual intercourse, which causes changes in unformed cells. In some women, changes in the structure of cells can cause protein components of the sperm. A malignant tumor will develop if there is such a bad habit as smoking.