The grammatical system of speech is ... Forming the grammatical structure of speech of children

The grammatical system of speech is the interaction of words with each other in word combinations and sentences. It combines morphemic, syntax and word formation. Its formation in children is due to the imitation of adult speech. Normally the grammatical structure of a child develops without anyone's help. Often there is a violation of this process. In this article we provide information that will allow us to find out how the grammatical structure of speech develops in children.

General information on the grammatical system

Grammar is a discipline that studies the structure of the language and its laws. Thanks to her speech becomes formed and understandable for everyone around. KD Ushinsky believed that grammar is the logic of language. At preschool children who master it, intellect is formed.

The grammatical system of speech is an object that has been formed for many years. The basis for his study is the knowledge of relationships and the surrounding reality. However, at first, the child's speech from the point of view of syntax is formless.

It is important for parents to promote the development of the grammatical (syntactic) system of speech of children. Otherwise, the child may experience dysgraphy (violation of written speech). For prevention, it is necessary to use various methods and to ensure that children develop comprehensively.

In the assimilation of the grammatical means of the language, we can distinguish the stages:

• Understanding the meaning of what was heard;
• The borrowing of words from the speech of adults and peers;
• The formation of other words by analogy with those already known;
• An estimation of correctness of construction of speech.

The sequence of development of the syntactic system of speech

Children learn the grammatical structure gradually. This is due to the age and complexity of the Russian language system. The grammatical system is fully formed in the child by the age of 8.

In the development of the grammatical system, the following stages are present:

• error correction;
• Perfection of the syntactic side of speech;
• Development of interest in the native language;
• Control over the correctness of the speech of others.

Stages of children's speech formation

Parents and teachers should contribute to the development of the morphological system of the Russian language. It is important that the child understands how to correctly bow down. It is also necessary to help master the peculiarities of syntax.

In younger and middle age, special attention is paid to morphological features. The grammatical structure of speech in preschool children at this stage is just beginning to form. At this point it will be necessary to help the child understand how word formation occurs with the help of suffixes, consoles and endings.

In the younger school age, the syntax is being improved and complicated. At this stage, the child must find and correct mistakes in his speech.

Problems in the formation of the grammatical system in preschool children with OHP

It's no secret that the correct formation of spoken and written speech plays an important role in the life of every person. Thanks to the grammatical system, each of us can understand what others say.

The child's speech is closely related to his mental and physical development. That is why it is important to pay attention in time to the presence of various violations and get rid of them. Examination of the grammatical structure of speech in children proves that its formation takes place in strict sequence.

General underdevelopment of speech is a violation in which the child has a variety of complex speech disorders. There are three types of this deviation:

• 1st stage . Characterized by a complete lack of speech.
• 2nd stage . In this case, it is present. There are no gestures and babbling words. There are distortions in the sound and syllabic system.
• 3rd stage . In this case, phonetic-phonemic and lexico-syntactic underdevelopment is observed.

The grammatical system of speech of children of preschool age with OHR is formed slowly. They have a disharmony of language components, as well as morphological and syntactic systems. Specialists say that such children have instability and rapid loss of attention. They, in contrast to their peers, have reduced auditory memory and memory efficiency.

Correctional work with children with OHP is to develop a syntactic system. He causes the greatest number of problems with such preschoolers. For the effectiveness of correction, the child must understand the role of the morpheme.

In children with a general speech disorder, there is difficulty in choosing and combining grammatical means. It is due to the incompleteness of some language operations.

Dysgraphy with unformatted grammatical speech

The grammatical system of speech is the interaction of linguistic units with each other. Parents and teachers should carefully monitor its development in children. In the event of violations it is necessary to consult a specialist to prevent more serious consequences.

With the slow development of the syntactic system, dysgraphia may arise. This disease is characterized by the inability to master the letter with sufficient intelligence. Violation of grammatical matching is one of the symptoms of deviation. It is important that parents do not abuse the child for mistakes, but first of all they try to understand what is the reason for their occurrence. Perhaps, the child has a disorder, correction of which should be carried out by a specialist.

The agramatic dysgraphy is due to the incompleteness of the lexico-syntactic structure of speech. In this case, it is difficult for the child to establish the sequence of words in the sentence. Often there are syntactic disorders in which children miss the meaningful members of the sentence. In the presence of these symptoms, any highly qualified specialist diagnoses that the development of the grammatical system of speech occurs slowly. This is possible if you do not want to learn, or if there are violations.

The development of vocabulary and syntactic structure

Specialists distinguish two varieties of mastering the vocabulary - qualitative and quantitative. They are closely interrelated. The quantitative increase in the vocabulary is due to the child's surrounding world. His replenishment is connected with the speech of adults and peers. It is known that for today a child of three years has in his vocabulary about 3 thousand words.

Accumulated words can not in themselves serve as a means of knowledge and communication. An important role is played by the formation of the grammatical structure of speech. For communication and cognition, the child must correctly build sentences and phrases, using the basics of grammar.

With age, the child gradually begins to acquire a semantic load of words that are available in his stock. At first, there may be errors in the use of roots, prefixes and suffixes.

By about three years, the grammatical structure of children's speech has been formed. They begin to understand the main patterns of constructing sentences and word combinations. At this age, the child slants words by case and number. He can build simple and complex sentences. Gradually, the vocabulary increases. At this stage it is important to give the child enough attention and use developmental games.

The grammatical structure of the speech of the senior preschool group is gradually being improved. Children learn the types of declensions and conjugations, the forms of alternation of sounds and ways of word formation. At this stage, the volume of the child's vocabulary plays an important role. At the age of 4-5 years, children can deliberately use them, and thanks to the grammatical structure, modify them.

Modern methods of syntactic formation

The development of the grammatical system is an important stage in the full-fledged speech and psychological development. Nowadays schools make high demands on future students. This is due to the fact that recently there has been a significant increase in the complexity of the school curriculum.

Modern work on the formation of the fundamentals of grammar contains the following categories:

• Inflection;
• Word formation;
• Coordination;
• The formation of sentences and phrases.

With all the listed bases, the child should be acquainted even at preschool age. Work on the formation should be carried out systematically. A huge role in this process is played by parents.

Methods for the formation of grammatical speech

The methods by which grammatical speech is formed include didactic games, play-dramatization, word-formation exercises and their modification, as well as retelling of short stories.

The first two options are used for teaching children of junior and middle preschool age. Exercises are effective in the formation of grammatical speech in a child 4-6 years. However, modern tools offer assignments for all age groups.

Methods used to form grammatical speech

Pedagogical techniques that are used to form grammatical speech are diverse. They are determined by the content, the level of unusual material, the speech characteristics of children and their age. The main methods for teaching grammatical skills include:

• example;
• explanation;
• Comparison;
• Renewal.

Thanks to them, it is possible to exclude the occurrence of possible errors in the construction of proposals and demonstrate the correct design to the child.

Didactic games

In recent times, didactic games of the grammatical structure of speech have become especially popular. This is an effective tool for consolidating existing skills. Often when didactic games use a ball. In this case, the adult should transfer it to the child and call any object, for example "table". A preschool child should be called the same subject, but in a diminutive form - a "table", etc.

An effective game is also a game in which the child must depict an object on a sheet of paper, and then explain what he painted (object, quantity, size, color).

Summing up

The grammatical system of speech is a connection that exists between phrases and sentences. It is thanks to him that a person can communicate with other people. It is important to monitor the correctness of the grammatical system from a small age. Any violations can indicate possible deviations in the development of the child.

In the presence of errors that are not related to ignorance of the rules, it is important to contact a speech therapist in a timely manner. To form a grammatical system, preschool children often use didactic games. This method is one of the most effective.