Grammar norms on guarding the culture of language

Have you ever thought about why speakers of one language understand each other? Why do we precisely determine what foreigners speak with accent? Finally, why do "two" students put up for spelling or any other mistakes in the school?

No? Then imagine such a situation. Instead of writing (or pronouncing) the phrase "The horse was beating with a hoof," I'll write (or say) "Vashot vilo poktubam." Absurdity, right? And why do you know exactly what is absurd?

Yes, because I violated absolutely all the grammatical norms of the Russian language. The normativity of a language is what enables the speakers of one language to understand each other, to correctly communicate their thoughts.

Strictly speaking, normativity is a set of rules that strictly regulate pronunciation, grammar, spelling. Norms - an example of a uniform, recognized by society use of all elements of language. This concept is not invented by scientists: uniformity is formed by centuries, it reflects the development of the people, the development of society. The sources of the norm are works of literature classics, the creations of contemporary writers and publicists, the generally accepted use of language elements, and the study of linguists.

How do we determine whether a given use of a particular constituent language is normative? By characteristic features. First, all language norms have stability, common use, prevalence, compulsion, correspondence to the possibilities of language. Secondly, all norms are fixed in dictionaries, defined by rules.

The syntactic, orthoepic, spelling, grammatical norms of the Russian language help it maintain its identity, integrity, guard against the stream of warped, dialectal, idiosyncratic or slang expressions, perform a general cultural function.

In Russian there are such types of norms:

• A common standard for written and oral speech (lexical, syntactic, grammatical norms).
• Norms of written speech (orthography, punctuation).
• The norms of oral speech (pronunciation, intonation, stress).

Grammar norms are rules that apply to syntax, word formation, morphology. They are described in detail in the "Russian grammar."

The word-formation norms determine how the words in the language should be formed, how their parts should be connected. For example, word-formative grammatical norms indicate the inadmissibility of using derivative words with a new affix instead of existing ones. For example, you can say "window sill", "depth", "description", but you can not: "subconic", "deep", "description").

Grammar norms require the correct use of word forms, the exact use of declensions, cases, short forms, degrees of comparison. A common mistake is the expression "more beautiful", "my shoe", "excellent shampoo", "silk lining", etc.

Syntactic norms teach how to correctly construct sentences and phrases, how to relate parts of a sentence to each other, how to correctly match words. For example, today a huge number of journalists, commentators, and, after them, ordinary people have forgotten how to correctly use verbal participles and gerunds. They should refer to the sentence to the verb, complementing it ( I walked (how?), Singing a merry song ). In fact, very often they are attached to another word. A classic old example: " As I approached the platform, my hat flew off ." So you want to ask: "Is this hat coming up to the platform?" And here's a new quote: " After marrying Nikolai, none of the heirs was born alive ."

Orthoepic, spelling, grammatical norms of language - an indisputable law, the violations of which lead to the loss of the cultural significance of language.