The Cultural Revolution in the USSR

The cultural revolution in the USSR took place in the years of the first and second five-year plan. Its most important and very first objective was to eliminate illiteracy among the population. Literate in 1926 among residents from nine years and older was about 51.1%. In some nationalities, the educated population was a very small percentage. So, the Kazakhs had about 9.1%, Kirghiz - 5.8%, Yakuts - 7.2%, Turkmen - 2.7%, Tajiks - 3%.

The cultural revolution in Russia began with the call of the Communist Party to eliminate illiteracy. The movement to eliminate ignorance has unfolded widely in the country. The slogan of the party called on the literate to teach the illiterate. Thus, by 1930 the total number of people who took part in the movement throughout the country was about one million. The cultural revolution in the USSR by 1932 captured more than thirty million people.

To eliminate illiteracy, once and for all it was necessary to stop the flow of uneducated generation from the generation of the growing up. Thus, compulsory universal education was introduced in the country.

In addition to eliminating illiteracy, innovation has played an important economic and political role. Lenin pointed out that an uneducated person is outside politics. The illiterate, in his opinion, are not able to master technology and take an informed part in the formation of the socialist system.

The cultural revolution in the USSR in 1930-1931 was marked by the introduction of free four-year elementary education for children from eight to eleven. In the workers' settlements, factory districts, industrial towns for children who graduated from a four-year school, introduced a subsequent free seven-year education.

Thus, by the end of the first Five-Year Plan, compulsory universal education was practiced practically throughout the entire country.

The cultural revolution in the USSR during the first two five-year plans was marked by large-scale, ubiquitous school construction. So, in 1929-32, about thirteen thousand schools were built, designed for 3.8 million students, from 1933 to 1937 - more than eighteen thousand schools. The number of people who received secondary and higher education was increased by the 37th year to 29.6 million.

In addition to tremendous success in the formation of school education, hundreds of new technical schools and pedagogical institutes were created in the RSFSR and other republics. During the first five-year plan, the rapidly expanding network of secondary and higher educational establishments made it possible to prepare more than four hundred, and during the second five-year plan more than a million of middle and higher-level teachers.

During the first two five-year plans significant progress was noted in the development of Soviet science. The tasks of agricultural importance set forth in the plans called for the formation of the closest links with the production and practice of building socialism. At that time, the works of such figures as IV Michurin, KE Tsiolkovsky, IP Pavlov, AE Fersman, VA Obruchev, AP Karpinsky, N. D. Zelinsky and other scientists.

During the first and second five-year plans, branches of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR were opened in the Far East, the Urals, in the Uzbek, Turkmen, Kazakh, Tajik, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Georgian Union Republics.

The cultural revolution of the USSR brought up a new intelligentsia that had emerged from the peasant and working circles. This new class was closely connected and devoted to the people, faithfully served him. The intelligentsia of that time rendered considerable assistance to the Communist Party and the entire state in the formation of a socialist society.