The column is an important architectural element

The architectural concept of "column" is a vertical support that carries the load of the upper parts of the building. In addition, this building element can perform decorative functions and be used as a triumphal decoration, for example with a statue on top. The most common form of such a design is a round one. But there may also be square, rectangular and complex column shapes.

As stated earlier, the column is an architectural element that consists of several main parts: the base, the trunk and the capital. Let's consider each of them in more detail.

The base is the most massive component, the main function of which is to hold the structure and transfer the load to the base. It should be noted that such an element is not mandatory, although it is present in a variety of styles.

The trunk is the main part of the column. Can have a different shape, so you can use in a variety of style directions.

The capital is another important part of the column. It is this that allows you to distribute the load of the upstream elements. Like the lower component - the base, which sometimes in designs is missing. Nevertheless, this is perhaps the most expressive part of the described architectural element.

Thus, the column is such a construction structure, due to which there is a rational redistribution of the load on the foundation. It has a vertical arrangement and is characterized by the ratio of the transverse dimension to its height. In this case, the first parameter has a value several times smaller than the value of the second.

At present, there is a rather extensive classification of such architectural elements. For example, you can name the most common types of columns, depending on the material of manufacture. This includes reinforced concrete and metal supports. Such design elements are in great demand in construction. It does not really matter if this is an industrial enterprise, a shopping center or a parking lot - the columns of the types presented will be present in many variants.

It should also be noted that the classification includes the division of various stylistic directions. Consider the most noteworthy.

Caryatid. A similar column is a whole sculpture that performs all the functions of traditional elements of architecture of this kind. She is an exquisite figure of the priestess of the Ancient Greek temple.

The candelabrum column is characterized by a gradual change in the cross-sectional value, which gives interesting visual effects. However, this is not the only species that has a variable ratio of diameter to height. Such architectural elements became widespread in the Renaissance.

Such an architectural element of the protodoric type has one of the most correct geometric forms. In this case, the dimensions of the columns are determined by rather strict proportions. Were widely distributed in ancient Greece.