Technological process of manufacturing parts; Types, requirements, development procedure

The technological process of manufacturing a part is the main document regulating the order of production. It prescribes the sequence of processing (in the form of operations and transitions), the materials, tools, equipment and modes used that allow achieving the desired result. It also contains information on the main and auxiliary time spent on the production of one unit of production.

The technological process of manufacturing a part has a preparatory stage, during which a detailed analysis of the operating conditions of the finished product is carried out. This allows us to study the validity of the claimed technical requirements for surface quality and dimensional accuracy. During the execution of the analysis for manufacturability, the possibility of manufacturing a part with specified dimensional tolerances and deviations from the shape is controlled.

At the next stage, technological bases are chosen. They will determine the sequence of surface treatment in the future. If you can keep the principle of constancy of the bases, then the quality of the finished product will be much higher. After that, you can proceed with the development of the route.

The technological process of production can be:

• Single. It implies the production of one product name, regardless of the required volume of production;

• Typical. Allows the release of a group of products having common design and technological features;

• Group. It is used if it is necessary to produce products having different structural and general technological features.

The manufacturing process of manufacturing must be developed taking into account the following requirements:

1. It should be based on the latest achievements of science and technology.

2. It should have a progressive impact on the entire production cycle, increasing labor productivity and quality of manufactured products, reducing labor and material costs for its implementation.

3. The technological process of manufacturing a part must be based on existing standard and group technological processes. If these are not available, then it is worthwhile to take into account already known progressive solutions that have found application in single technological processes designed to produce similar products.

4. When developing it, all the most stringent requirements for safety, occupational health and industrial sanitation must be taken into account.

The technological process of manufacturing a part, as a rule, includes:

- blanking operation, during which the billet for the future product is selected and prepared;

- rough machining, for which large allowances for dimensions are provided;

- semi-finished processing;

- finishing, during which the required size is achieved, the specified accuracy and surface cleanliness;

- a control operation performed to determine the conformity of the finished product to the drawing.

Depending on the geometric dimensions of the product and the requirements imposed on it, individual steps from the above sequence may be excluded. However, in all cases, the surface treatment, which is taken as technological base, is first performed. After that, it becomes possible to finish the remaining surfaces.

In some cases, semi-finished processing may be absent altogether, while roughing and finishing are combined. If the part is subjected to heat treatment to achieve the necessary performance properties, the process technology is divided into two parts: before and after the thermal part of the finish.

A control operation can be provided after each type of treatment.