Industrial ventilation: features, installation options and feedback

Industrial ventilation is a process that aims to meet technological and hygienic requirements in the workplace, including air in the workplace.

Task and functions

Design and installation of industrial ventilation solve several problems, the main among which is the definition of air exchange processes. After the necessary calculations, experts determine the conditions of the technical process at the plant, the volume and nature of harmful emissions, and, taking into account these data, design a ventilation system.

It is almost impossible to accurately determine the necessary data. Much here is played by the erudition and experience of specialists: technologists, designers, engineers. If you determine the amount of air withdrawn from the room is incorrect, even the most expensive and modern ventilation will not give the proper effect.

What is the use of ventilation for industrial premises?

Its main function is to provide comfortable conditions for the employees of this production department. In addition, due to competent ventilation, the necessary technological processes and requirements for storage of one or another type of products are provided.

It is with the help of ventilation systems that optimal conditions are created at enterprises, in accordance with sanitary norms. They not only increase the efficiency of production and labor productivity of workers, but also improve the quality of manufactured products, reducing the percentage of rejects.

During the ventilation process, dust particles and excess moisture are removed from the air in the production room, the optimum temperature is set. The air is cleaned of flammable, explosive and simply harmful substances.

Hazardous substances released in the production

Industrial ventilation and air conditioning purify the air and neutralize the negative impact of the substances released during production. For example, they successfully cope with excessive heat and moisture release, remove substances in vapor and gaseous form, including various toxins that are harmful to health.

Industrial ventilation solves the problem of excessive dustiness of premises, when dust particles are released into the air in an amount exceeding the maximum permissible values. The same applies to particles of smoke and aerosol substances. Finally, in the process of production, small particles of liquid in the form of fog or hollow drops of gas bubbles are concentrated in the air.

All these "harmfulness" are carried by air. And the ventilation system determines the right air flow, forming temperature fields. It constantly removes the polluted air from the outside, and outside it pours clean cool air. Such air exchange is carried out by special extraction equipment.

Design and calculation of ventilation

So, industrial ventilation directly affects the efficiency of work. Many technical processes depend on its correct calculation and functioning. Therefore, before the installation of industrial ventilation, experts carefully calculate the intensity and frequency of renewal of air in the room. Here are the factors that are taken into account.

• The area of the production room, its dimensions and height;
• Features of the design and architectural nuances;
• Purpose of industrial facility;
• Size and type of installations that release harmful substances into the air;
• Number of workers permanently in the room and the duration of their stay;
• Location of workplaces;
• The number of units of equipment and the level of its workload, and much more.

Industrial ventilation in Moscow and other large cities is organized in accordance with certain requirements. For example, in a small room, the area of which is less than 20 square meters, there must be at least 30 cubic meters of clean air per hour per person.

Equipment in the ventilation system

In the ventilation system, there are two main types of equipment: exhaust and inflow. For the removal of dirty air is responsible for extract, or exhaust ventilation industrial, and for the supply of clean - supply air. They can work either simultaneously or chaotically. However, the amount of pumped and discharged air is always the same.

Depending on the way the air is injected, industrial ventilation is divided into mechanical and natural. The latter is due to the natural movement of air inside the room, because of the different pressures and effects of winds. Mechanical ventilation, respectively, works by means of installed fans.

In order to improve the safety of the technical process of ventilation, in some cases an emergency or backup system is installed.

Forced ventilation

So, fresh air ventilation serves to replace the dirty air, taken from the room, clean, pumped from the outside. It is divided into two types: local and general exchange.

General ventilation

This system purifies the air in the most polluted areas. With its help, air is supplied in quantities sufficient to dilute the harmful substances to the maximum permissible values. If we are talking about thermal values, the temperature is lowered to the limiting value, in order to prevent an overabundance of heat.

Local ventilation

Serves to create specific parameters in a well-defined room. Technically, it is realized with the help of special constructions, among which:

• Air curtain - a flat air jet, preventing the entry of harmful substances from the air into a certain zone;
• Air shower - directional air flow, for example, to an industrial installation or to a worker;
• The air oasis is a system for filling a certain part of the room with clean air.

So, general industrial ventilation neutralizes only excess heat and reduces the concentration of harmful substances in the air. If there is a significant release of harmful gases, vapors and dust during the production process, a mixed system is used, based on general ventilation, but with local suction.

At enterprises with increased dust and gas emissions, it is not recommended to install a general exchange ventilation system. In this case, the more powerful the equipment, the more harmful substances will be distributed on the production premises.

What are the fans on the industry?

Today there are different types of fans. Here are the main ones.

• Axial. The most common variety in modern production. It can be installed not only in industry, but also in the system of household ventilation. The design of this device is familiar to everyone and is a casing with blades.
• Rooftop. As you can see from the name, it is installed on the roofs: shops, warehouses, and other manufacturing enterprises. Also used in the ventilation system of residential complexes.
• The channel. It is often used in offices, mounted under suspended ceilings or in air ducts, directly in the ventilation duct.

In addition to the usual, there are also fans with special functions.

• Soundproofed. They are placed in rooms where even a seemingly minimal noise from the fan should be neutralized. For example, in medical institutions or libraries.
• Heat resistant. Can work in a wide range of temperatures - from minus 20 to plus 100 degrees. They are made of especially strong materials and covered with special fire-resistant paint.
• Explosion-proof. They are used in enterprises, whose activities are associated with the production of explosive gases. They are made of a special silumin material, resistant to corrosion and particularly durable.
• Resistant to aggressive environments. Indispensable in chemical plants or laboratories where chemically aggressive substances are present in the gaseous state.
• To remove smoke. Such fans can often be seen in emergency ventilation systems. They are doing an excellent job of removing gassed air and reducing smoke in fires.

Industrial ventilation systems are an important part of any production, and their design and installation should be handled by competent specialists.