Technical regulations are what? Types of technical regulations and their requirements

Technical regulation is legislative in nature and consists in the establishment, application and implementation of compulsory requirements for marketable products, the processes of its creation, services, personnel and the working state, as well as in the systematic assessment of compliance with the required.

One of the tools for such regulation is the technical regulations. This is a document in which rules are written concerning technical regulation objects. The latter can be a variety of products, buildings, structures, structures, production, use, storage, transportation, sales and disposal procedures.

The application and execution of the document is mandatory.

Regulations and technical regulations. Is it possible to combine these concepts?

The concepts under consideration can not be named exactly. Rather, technical regulations are subspecies of regulations that put forward certain requirements that may concern the characteristic features of goods or services, as well as certain production aspects. The document may also contain conditions for the preparation of terminological definitions, symbolic designations, packaging, labeling or labeling.

Technical regulation: why is it needed?

The application of technical regulations is based on the following objectives:

• Protection of the health or life of citizens in general, property objects of individuals and legal entities, as well as property owned by the state or municipal authorities. The regulatory document "dictates" the requirements for the production process, as well as the output that is obtained at the output. As a result, in the overwhelming majority of cases, such conditions are brought together and represent technical standards, expressed in a variety of norms and indicators. Compliance with the technical regulations, all the norms prescribed in it, is a prerequisite for the production and release of goods.
• Protection of the environment, health and life of representatives of flora and fauna.
• Prevention of actions by manufacturers, which can mislead consumers. Here the main task of regulation is to exclude the possibility of providing the manufacturer with information that is not in accordance with reality. Thus, only reliable information is provided. The main instrument in the struggle for truth is the unity of measurements.

Objects

Objects of technical regulations are:

• Products;
• Processes of product design, release, construction, installation, commissioning, use, storage, transportation, sale and liquidation.

Classification

Depending on how the requirements are set:

• Prescriptive technical regulations. This is a clear prescription of requirements for products, in which quality certain characteristics are put forward.
• Fundamental regulations. They set the requirements in a general way, including the quality indicators that characterize one or another type of product or process of its creation.

Depending on the area of distribution:

• General technical regulations. Can be called more horizontal. Such requirements are compiled for a wide range of products regarding aspects related to the safety of various types: environmental, nuclear, radiation, biological, fire, electromagnetic compatibility, and others.
• Special. The second name is vertical. Developed for individual subgroups of products that have a specific risk of harm, exceeding the recorded degree of risk in the general technical regulations.
• Macro-technical regulations. These are some rules that unite the general and special subspecies.

Technical maintenance regulations

Objects of the document are machines and equipment.

The type of technical regulations under consideration is a set of rules concerning the maintenance and repair of production equipment, as well as individual products or parts during use, storage and transportation.

The document contains a full list of compulsory maintenance and repair work, identified their essence and principle, determined the frequency of an operation. The complex of works is of a preventive nature and can include a variety of actions depending on the object of regulation.

Goals and objectives

The maintenance schedule is applied to eliminate the malfunction of the equipment. Considering this, the following tasks are subject to fulfillment:

• Periodic checks of the technical condition of the regulated object;
• Replacement of details of planned character taking into account depreciation features;
• Planned replacement of lubricating, cooling mixtures with orientation to the operating time and equipment condition;
• Carrying out repair works of planned nature taking into account the degree of wear.

The maintenance schedule implies the systematic application of specific measures aimed at maintaining the equipment in a working condition. According to statistical data, this way of solving technical problems guarantees the highest percentage of readiness of the object of control. Feature - high cost. In other words, maintenance according to the rules demonstrates the highest efficiency of service works, while being the most expensive way of maintaining the equipment in good condition, because it may not need to be repaired at that time.

Technical regulations on the safety of buildings

Regulates the rules that buildings and structures must meet: construction, installation, operation and utilization processes. They are the objects of the document.

Content

Technical regulations on the safety of buildings - this is a legislative act, which sets out minimalistic, but mandatory requirements for buildings and structures, as well as rules for the progress of work on their design, construction, installation, commissioning, use and liquidation.

The list of requirements includes:

• Mechanical safety;
• Fire;
• Safety during the course of natural processes under various phenomena of nature and technogenic impacts;
• Security of buildings and facilities for users;
• Accessibility of buildings and other building structures for persons with reduced physical abilities;
• Energy efficiency of constructions;
• Safety of the degree of impact of building objects on the environment.

Technical regulations of buildings and structures must be fully implemented in the implementation of any construction works and processes. This will guarantee maximum safety.

Technical regulations of vehicles

The objects are means for wheel-type movement, belonging to categories L, M, N, O, which are intended for driving on public roads, as well as the chassis of vehicles.

The technical regulations of wheeled vehicles do not extend to:

• Machines whose maximum speed is less than 25 km / h.
• Means for movement, the purpose of which is to operate on roads that are not public.
• Machines that were imported into the territory of the customs zone of the Single Economic Space for a period of less than six months, subject to the appropriate customs regime, which does not provide for the possibility of alienation.
• Units for sports competitions.
• Vehicles belonging to categories L and M1, which were issued at least thirty years ago.
• Machines belonging to categories M2, M3 and H, not intended for commercial and commercial transport, the release of which is dated 50 years ago and more. Thus the engine should be original, the same as a body or a frame if that is available.
• Vehicles in the possession of diplomatic or consular international organizations, which in turn have certain immunities and privileges in accordance with generally recognized principles and norms of interstate law.

Content

The requirements of technical regulations of this type concern safety, namely:

• Prohibition of installation for wheel categories M1 and N1 of structural parts, the dimensions of which clearly will protrude against the bumper line. This rule does not apply to structures that are provided by the factory equipment or have been evaluated for compliance, metal gratings weighing up to five hundred grams, used as a protective accessory for headlights, as well as an autosign of the state release and details of its fixation.
• The ban on the use of ozone-depleting substances in the refrigerating and air-conditioning equipment for vehicles. There is a special approved list of such unacceptable substances, which was the Commission of the Customs Union.
• Mandatory satellite navigational equipment with the GLONASS system of wheeled vehicles, which are included in category M, intended for commercial use, and in category N, intended for the transport of dangerous goods.
• Obligatory equipment of technical devices for supervision of car owners' compliance with the rules of road traffic, labor and rest. The requirements of technical regulations relate to vehicles that belong to the category M2 and M3 (commercial passenger transport), as well as to N2 and N3 (commercial freight).
• The Russian-language interface of a number of devices that act as a link between the user and electronic type systems, providing visual and voice data, as well as the driver's setting of control commands.
• The design of the vehicle must guarantee the efficient operation of the braking systems and steering, provide excellent handling and high stability, fire safety, an overview of the external environment for the person at the wheel, electrical safety, energy efficiency, optimal control panel layout. In addition, the machine must be designed in such a way that in the event of an accident, the traumatic impacts on the vehicle's passengers are minimized as much as possible, and the possibility of an evacuation operation is easily accessible.

Compliance with the technical regulations of wheeled vehicles should be provided by every manufacturer of vehicles whose products are on the markets of countries that are members of the Customs Union.

Regulation on fire safety

This is a legislative document, which is a method of technical regulation in the field of fire safety.

The Regulation defines the basic principles of fire safety, introduces classification systems and terms in this area.

Objects of technical regulations include: buildings, constructions, industrial objects of industrial importance, fire technical products, public goods.

Content

The fire safety technical regulations put forward certain requirements for production facilities, fire fighting equipment, and public products.

In the content of the document there is also an instruction on the procedure for assessing the compliance of objects that are under protection, as well as fire safety rules.

Regulations of the Customs Union

In the Russian Federation, the Republics of Belarus and Kazakhstan, a unified system of technical control has been created. The adoption of such regulations is handled by the Commission of the Customs Union. After the document comes into effect, national norms lose their significance and strength. The technical regulations of the Customs Union are legislative acts that apply to the territory of three countries. This is very convenient from an economic point of view.

There is a single list of products, concerning which technical regulations are created and established within the framework of the Customs Union. This list includes:

• Vehicles and machine tools;
• Low-voltage equipment;
• High-voltage devices;
• Units, for the proper operation of which requires fuel of a gaseous type;
• Devices operating under pressure in excess;
• Vessels carrying out their activities under pressure;
• Equipment for work in explosive conditions;
• Attraction equipment;
• Elevators;
• Vehicles for wheel-type movement;
• Tractor equipment;
• Machines for agricultural work;
• Machinery for forestry;
• Tires;
• Rolling stock of railway transport;
• Rolling stock of the metro;
• Rail light vehicles, trams;
• Types of sea transport;
• Court-malomerki;
• Water transport of internal type;
• building;
• Building materials;
• Infrastructure of railway transport and metro;
• Motor roads;
• pyrotechnics;
• Explosives ;
• Light industry goods;
• Toys;
• Products for young children, as well as adolescent children;
• Goods for the care of children;
• dishes;
• Perfumery and cosmetic products;
• Oral hygiene means;
• Packing containers;
• Means for individual protection;
• Inventory for fire safety;
• Medical devices;
• Sanitary products;
• Furniture products;
• Products of the chemical industry;
• Detergents of synthetic origin;
• household chemicals;
• Solvents and paints;
• Fertilizer;
• Substances for the protection of representatives of the flora;
• Gasoline fuel, diesel, fuel for ships, reactive engines, fuel oil ;
• Lubricants;
• Water meters (gauges), gas, thermal, electric;
• Devices for accounting for black gold, oil refining products;
• Food products;
• alcohol;
• Feed and additives;
• Grain products;
• tobacco products;
• The weapon of sport or hunting predestination, ammunition to it;
• Electrical communication devices;
• Coal products and coal in its pure form.

Technical regulations on the safety of products of one kind or another contain the basic requirements that all producers of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus and Kazakhstan must comply with. Otherwise, their goods simply will not enter the market. The products, as well as the processes associated with its production, must clearly correspond to the uniform sanitary-epidemiological, hygienic, veterinary and other important requirements. In addition, the products included in the Unified List must necessarily undergo a special survey, which will confirm its safety and compliance with all the requirements.