Supply and exhaust ventilation for the apartment with self-recovery

The main purpose of ventilation is to update the accumulated air in the room. Ventilation is exhausted, providing an air outlet, supply - supplying fresh oxygen from the street, and supply and exhaust, which provides removal and supply of fresh oxygen. Typically, this kind of ventilation is arranged in the kitchen, bathroom and in places with a large number of people (restaurants, cafes), etc. It should be noted that arranging this kind of ventilation is not so easy. Such a system consists of a large number of parts: air ducts, cooler, air heater, filters, sound absorber, various sensors (air temperature, carbon dioxide level in the room, etc.). Installation of supply and exhaust ventilation in the apartment - the work is quite complex and multi-stage, but with a certain skill and desire to install it is possible to do it yourself.

What is ventilation required for?

Supply and exhaust ventilation for the apartment is designed to ensure the movement of airflow in two directions - the intake of fresh and exhausted waste.

In apartments, this role is performed by open windows and windows, some of the help is provided by the existing exhaust channels of the kitchen and bathrooms, which provide local ventilation. However, for large apartments such ventilation may not be enough.

The consequences of insufficient air exchange for a person can be the following:

• The lack of oxygen can lead to disruption of the cardiovascular and central nervous system;
• Exacerbated respiratory diseases;
• There is a decrease in efficiency;
• In the room humidity rises;
• In the air develops fungus and other pathogens.

Signs of insufficient room ventilation

• In the summer it rises, and in winter the humidity decreases relative to the natural background.
• In the kitchen on the walls a thick coating forms.
• There is a fogging of the windows.
• Appears on the walls in the kitchen and a bathroom fungus.

When these signs appear, it is worthwhile to think about the organization of an forced supply and exhaust system in the apartment, since a lack of ventilation can damage your health.

Calculation of ventilation

The system of supply and exhaust ventilation for the apartment consists of 2 parts:

• The supply ventilation system that provides fresh air from the street, its heating, cleaning, and, if necessary, cooling.
• The exhaust system, which in the people is called simply "hood." This device ensures the outflow of polluted air from the room.

The exhaust ventilation system is quite simple. It consists of an air duct and a mechanism that ensures the outflow of air. Installation of filters, coolers or heaters is not required here. The only thing you need is a sound absorber, since if the hood is powerful, noise from its operation will be created.

Calculation of exhaust ventilation is as follows.

1. The volume of the room is cumulated. M.

2. Multiply the result by 12.

Example of calculating exhaust ventilation:

• Kitchen area 2х3 m, ceiling height - 2,5 m. We calculate the volume of this room. In this case, it will be equal to 15 cu. M.
• We calculate the power of the hood. It is 180 cube. M / h (15x12).

To improve the work of the hood, it is recommended to open the window or window. That the supply and exhaust ventilation for the apartment was more economical, complex options are applied. In winter, the outgoing air heats incoming to the room. To do this, use a special unit - recuperator. It is a kind of heat exchanger, where the air coming from the street warms up, not mixing at the same time with the discharged air to the street.

Designing of ventilation

Installation of supply and exhaust ventilation in the apartment begins with the design of the ventilation system. Before actual installation on paper, it is necessary to calculate:

• Number of meters of pipe that will be required for air outflow;
• How much is necessary for the air intake of air ducts;
• Determine the location of all nodes and think through all the details of the system;
• To think about where the air intakes and grilles will be installed.

At this stage, it is necessary to take into account not only the location, but also the dimensions of the air ducts (in particular, the diameter of the pipes). It should be remembered that the larger the diameter, the more air flow can be provided. But modern apartments are rarely distinguished by high ceilings, therefore, it is unlikely that they will be able to mount large pipes. The disadvantage of narrow ducts is the presence of high noise, therefore, when calculating the supply ventilation, as a rule, a compromise is sought between the size of the pipes and the noise figures.

Features of installation, calculation

Supply and exhaust ventilation for the apartment with their own hands is installed during the finishing works, after the completion of all "dirty" construction work (plaster, putty), but before installing the ceiling, since the main part of the ventilation system is hidden there. As a rule, everything is familiar with the principle of ventilation, but not everyone knows which units and assemblies should be installed. Variants of installation of air-supply plants are various: ventilation of the apartment by the supply and exhaust system from the floor, balcony, loggia, under the ceiling, and also on the external wall of the building.

The scheme of arrangement of the nodes of this system consists of:

• The air intake valve.
• Air filter cleaning the intake air.
• Heater (heater). This unit turns on usually at low temperatures, when the outgoing air flow does not have time to warm up the incoming air.
• Recuperator, which is a block in which the incoming stream is heated. Install it to save resources.
• A cooling unit or air conditioner that is installed before exiting the air supply system. It is necessary for maximum reduction of the path through the air ducts of the cooled air.
• If necessary, a fan, a humidifier, is installed on the path of the streams.
• At very high power of supply ventilation put and a noise absorber.

To ensure that the supply and exhaust ventilation for the apartment works as efficiently and economically as possible, an automatic control unit is installed to switch on / off the various components (for example, in the summer it turns off the heating unit and turns on cooling, and in winter, on the contrary, the air is heated).

How to determine the power and efficiency of ventilation?

To install the ventilation system, calculate the volume of air to be vented and discharged.

• In residential premises, regardless of the number of people staying there, an average of 60 minutes should be given 3 or more cubes. Meters of fresh air per 1 sq. Km. Square meter.
• In public places, the oxygen supply should be 60 cu. M / hour per person, staying indoors and approximately 20 cu. M / hour for each temporary visitor.

Norms for the multiplicity of air exchange for 1 hour in rooms for various purposes are given in SNiP 2.08.01-89 * "Residential buildings".

Checking the efficiency of ventilation

To make sure that the supply and exhaust ventilation for the apartment is properly arranged, you need to check the operation of the hood. This is done very simply: a sheet of paper or a lighted match is brought to the ventilation grate . If the edge of the paper moves toward the grate, or the flame is directed to the vent, the system works. If this does not happen, the channel is clogged. The reason for this may be a web or fallen leaves in an airway. In this case, it is necessary to clean the channel.

Also, the air vent in the apartment may not work if the neighbors have blocked the channel during the repair. In this case, you should call a specialist to identify this place and resume traction.

The organization of the right supply ventilation in the apartment

Installation of plastic windows may cause poor airing of the apartment, the formation of condensation. To find a way out of the situation, forced-air forced ventilation in the apartment will help . The influx of fresh air can be enhanced by installing on the balcony, loggia of special valves. The outlet of the exhaust air will occur through the ventilation grilles in the bathroom, in the kitchen. However, a more efficient way is to install a decentralized exhaust system on the facade wall inside the apartment. Air exchange takes place through the air ducts in the wall. Heat recuperator allows you to reduce the cost of heating the apartment by more than 70%, and the filter cleans the air. The unit is quite simple, you can install it without much difficulty with your own hands.

Advantages of ventilation with heat recovery

The supply and exhaust system, as is known, has a low efficiency. To increase it, a heat recuperator is installed - the unit that provides energy saving in the room.

The supply and exhaust ventilation for the apartment with recuperation works according to the following principle: the exhaust air is not immediately outward, but enters a special cassette, in which the clean air arriving from the street warms to room temperature.

The advantage of this system is that the heated comfort air gets into the room, the heating of which does not consume additional energy.

System maintenance

This process can be conditionally divided into 3 stages:

• Care of the exhaust channels (periodic cleaning with the replacement of filter cassettes).
• Maintenance of pressure equipment (care of fans).
• Care for additional equipment - heaters, recuperators, air conditioners, etc.