Sound-proof and sound-absorbing materials

Isolating the premises of the erected house from unnecessary noise is an important part of the construction. Previously, it was pretty economical and used materials that had good sound conductivity. Now the requirements for the use of sound-absorbing materials during construction are toughened. After all, the excess noise that penetrates into the dwelling from outside or from neighboring rooms, causes stress.

Types of acoustic materials

To denote acoustic materials, two terms are used, which are sometimes confused. So, soundproof materials are often called sound-absorbing materials , although the principle differs. The former serve as a barrier to the sound wave and prevent acoustic noise from penetrating the soundproof structure. The second absorbs sound and does not allow its reflection from possible obstacles back.

Application in the construction of acoustic materials

In order to protect the room from unnecessary sounds, it is necessary to set a barrier for acoustic waves. To ensure sound insulation, a multi-layered floor or walls are built so that the energy of sound waves dissipates inside them. In general, sound-absorbing materials are used for revetment of industrial premises where noise reduction is necessary . They are also used to create improved acoustic properties of those premises that are intended for radio studios, auditoriums, auditoriums. The ability to absorb sound is explained by the porous structure of the materials, where the open pores communicate with each other. Their diameter is not more than two millimeters. To assess how effective sound-absorbing materials are, it is necessary to calculate the sound absorption coefficient, which is equal to the ratio of the absorbed energy to the number of sound waves incident on the material taken in the total amount.

Materials that absorb sound have a different structure. They can be cellular, fibrous or granular; Resonant sound absorbers or porous. Hardness distinguishes soft, which are made of microfiber or mineral wool, rigid and semi-rigid - fiberglass or mineral wool plates.

Soft materials, such as rolls or mats, are used together with sheet perforated screens made of aluminum and other metals. Semi-rigid sound absorbing materials Cover with a film or a porous paint. Solid plates for sound absorption have a fibrous structure. They are made of granular mineral wool or slurry. Solid sound-absorbing materials include varieties such as plasters and slabs. To select the necessary acoustic materials, it is necessary to proceed from the purpose of the room, its architectural features.

Modern materials for sound absorption are made of mineral wool on a basalt basis, with a sound absorption coefficient of 0.9. For use in the construction of floors use mats made of staple fiberglass. They can reduce noise by thirty-seven decibels. In horizontal ceilings, fiberglass is used as sound insulation, which has a one-side bituminous coating. Perforated metal lining is used for frame walls to absorb sound during the installation of ceilings. Soft, sound-absorbing lining is used for floors and ceilings in rooms where there are special requirements for acoustics. The material of the new generation is foamed polyethylene. It is more reliable than other materials, but also much more expensive in price.

In the construction of living quarters soundproof panels made of modern synthetic materials are used. They have high strength and durability.

The main requirements for materials that are designed to absorb noise are the sound absorption coefficient of at least 0.2, the density of materials is not more than three hundred to four hundred kilograms per cubic meter. The material must be fire-resistant, environmentally friendly and resistant to rotting.