Sound analysis of words in Russian: diagram

Even in early childhood, when a child is just learning to read, he encounters a problem when words are pronounced not as they are written. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out sound analysis with it. Why it is studied throughout the school program, we will consider in our article.

Phonetics

Our speech is divided into two large types: oral and written. The first, naturally, appeared long before the second. After all, initially people learned to exchange information with the help of gestures and simple sounds. Then it gradually evolved into words that formed one or another language. But soon there was a need to fix everything that is being said. So there was a written speech.

In this article we will talk about the features of oral communication. This part of the language is studied by a complex science - phonetics. It deals with the sounds that make up our speech. Each of them has its own characteristics and individual characteristics. Their study and is included in the sound analysis.

Vowels

One of the most important parts of our oral speech is the presence of vowels. They are so named, based on their main function - to transmit a long sound through the voice. In the Russian language there are six of them: A, O, U, N, I, E.

It must be remembered that the number of letters does not always coincide with the number of sounds. For example, in the word "south" there are 2 letters, but 3 sounds: "yuk". The alphanumeric analysis of the word should show that oral speech is different from how we write.

Vowels form syllables in words. It is by their number determine the number of parts divided by the word:

• Pal-ka - there are 2 syllables, because there are two vowels in it;
• Som - 1 syllable, since the vowel is one.

In addition, it is necessary to know the features of such letters as e, e, w, i. They, unlike all the others, can form two sounds - a vowel in combination with Q:

• E (d + o);
• E (d + e);
• U (d + y);
• I (d + a).

This phenomenon is observed in those cases when the listed sounds are used:

• After a soft or hard sign ( lei, yarn );
• After a vowel (a large, a few );
• At the beginning of the word ( Yula, El ).

Very often, performing the sound analysis of the word (the scheme is given further), children make mistakes in the analysis of these vowels.

All the other characteristics that vowels have are quite simple. Especially those that are studied in the school curriculum. Consider only two signs: shock or shocklessness.

Consonants

Before you perform sound analysis, you need to know the features and consonants. There are far more of them than vowels. The Russian language counts thirty-seven.

Consonants have different characteristics:

• Softness or hardness. Some sounds can be pronounced without mitigation: the sea ( m - solid). Others, on the contrary, measure ( m - soft).
• Viciousness or deafness. When the sound is pronounced with vibration and voice, it is called sonorous. You can put a palm to the larynx and feel it. If the vibration is not felt, then it is deaf.
• Couple. Some consonants have their opposite. Usually by voicedness-deafness. For example: in (sound) - ф (глух.), З (зв.) - с (глух.).
• Some consonants are pronounced as if "in the nose." They received the appropriate characteristic - nasal.

How to perform

Now you can also compile an algorithm, by which the sound analysis of the word is performed. The scheme is simple:

1. First, we divide the word into syllables.
2. Next, we paint the letters from which it is made into a column.
3. Now for each choose the appropriate sound.
4. We characterize each of them according to the characteristics described above.
5. Count the number of sounds and letters.
6. If there is a mismatch in their quantity, we explain why this phenomenon occurred.

Let us give an example. Let's take the word "ceiling":

1. In this word there are three syllables: something-lok (3 vowels, therefore, the corresponding number of syllables).
2. The letter П has a sound <П>. He is consonant, pronounced without vibration in the larynx, and therefore deaf. Also, it is solid and has a pair .
3. The letter O has a sound . It is vowel and has no accent.
4. The letter T has a sound . He is consonant, pronounced like a deaf person. He is not subject to softening, and therefore hard. In addition, it has a pair of voices .
5. The letter O has a sound . He is vowel and unstressed.
6. The letter A denotes the sound . He is a consonant, he has no softening - hard. Pronounced with vibration in the larynx - sonorous. This sound does not have a pair.
7. The letter O has a sound . He is a vowel and, in this case, a percussion.
8. The letter K stands for the sound . Consonant, pronounced as deaf, has a pair of voices , solid.
9. Let's sum up: in this word there are 7 letters and 7 sounds. The number is the same, no language phenomena are observed.

Sound analysis of words for preschoolers is much simplified.