Social laws: concept, types. Social services for the population. Law on the Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities

являются выражением необходимой, существенной связи общественных явлений. Social laws are an expression of the necessary, essential connection of social phenomena. They determine the relationship between individuals and their associations, manifested in activities. распространяются на все сферы жизни человека. Social laws extend to all spheres of human life. Let's consider their features.

General information

выступают одними из ключевых направлений государственной политики. Social security and social protection are one of the key directions of state policy. Within their framework, assistance is provided to needy citizens. The state acts as a guarantor of the preservation and realization of the rights of each member of society. регламентируются специальными нормативными актами. Social security and social protection are regulated by special regulatory enactments. They determine the range of subjects to whom assistance is provided, the conditions and the procedure for obtaining it.

Signs of normative acts

обладают общими и специфическими характеристиками. Social laws have general and specific characteristics. In particular, the rules come into force only under strictly stipulated, certain conditions. действуют без исключений и ограничений во времени. At their offensive with the social laws operate without exceptions and restrictions in time. Along with this, the conditions themselves are realized approximately and partially.

The concept of social laws

The basic scheme of regulating relations in a society is quite simple and quite distinguishable. Meanwhile, experts agree that social laws are difficult to detect and explore. This is due to the presence of a variety of conditions, their specificity, their interweaving and overlapping. People in accordance with the laws form the conditions of their life and activities, apply the norms under the influence of new circumstances. Repeatability is realized due to the specificity of each individual situation that arises in society.

Classification

Laws are distinguished depending on the time of action. General rules apply to all public systems. Specific norms are limited to one or several social structures. Norms are also distinguished by the degree of generality. So, for example, there are laws that characterize the emergence of the social sphere as a whole. There are norms that determine the development of individual components of the system (nations, groups, classes, etc.). Also, laws differentiate according to the mode of manifestation. They can be statistical or dynamic.

Characteristic

Dynamic laws determine the forms, factors, directions of social change. They fix an unambiguous, rigid connection of events under specific circumstances. Statistical laws reflect the key directions of process changes while maintaining stability in the system. These norms cause the connection of phenomena and events not rigidly, but with some probability.

Types

Dynamic laws can be functional and causal. The latter are fixed strictly deterministic links development of social phenomena. Functional laws express the observed and repeatable interdependencies between events. Statistical norms can also be different. In particular, they sing out the laws of development. They regulate relations related to the satisfaction of increasing cultural and material needs, the formation of self-government, etc. The laws of functioning are also referred to as statistical.

Normative base in the Russian Federation

One of the key legal acts in the sphere of rendering assistance to needy citizens is the Law "On the Basics of Social Services" (Federal Law No. 442). This document defines the basic rules for rendering assistance to the needy, the duties and rights of individuals and authorized bodies. In addition, the Russian Federation has the Law on the Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities. This category of citizens is at risk, and therefore the implementation and protection of their rights are under the scrutiny of the state. регламентирует порядок приобретения соответствующего статуса, устанавливает перечень льгот и материальной помощи, определяет условия их получения. The Law "On the Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities" regulates the procedure for acquiring the relevant status, establishes a list of benefits and material assistance, and determines the conditions for obtaining them. многодетных семей. On the territory of the country, there is also the Law on Social Support for Large Families. The normative act also establishes the conditions for obtaining status, the rules for obtaining assistance. These and other documents are aimed at maintaining the proper quality of life for the unprotected strata of citizens.

Principles

Social service of the population is based on observance of interests and human rights, respect for the honor and dignity of the individual. It has a humane character. Social services for the population are implemented with the following principles:

1. Provision of free and equal access of citizens to services regardless of gender, age, race, religion, place of residence, membership of social groups and other circumstances.
2. Targeted care.
3. Approximation of service providers to the place of residence of their recipients, the sufficiency of the number of organizations, financial, personnel, material and information resources to meet the needs of citizens.
4. Ensuring the preservation of people's stay in the usual favorable conditions.
5. Confidentiality.
6. Voluntariness.

Recognizing the person in need

A citizen receives an appropriate status in the presence of circumstances that may worsen or worsen the conditions of his life and activities. These factors include:

1. Partial or complete loss of ability / ability to move independently, self-service, meet their key needs due to injury, age, disease, disability.
2. The presence in the family of disabled persons, including minors, who need constant care. It is, in particular, about people with disabilities, children with HIA.
3. Lack of work and money to meet the primary needs.
4. The presence of minors under guardianship / guardianship including those experiencing difficulties with adaptation in society.
5. Lack of care (temporary or permanent) for children / children, disabled.
6. The presence of violence or conflict within the family, including those with alcohol / drug addiction, addicted to gambling, suffering from mental disorders.
7. Absence of a place of residence, including a citizen who has not reached the age of 23 and has ended his stay in the institution for orphans and children left without parental care.
8. The presence of other circumstances that, in accordance with the normative acts of the Russian Federation, are considered capable of worsening or worsening the living and working conditions of people.

Recognition of a citizen in need of social services is carried out by the authorized regional authority. The applicant must be notified of the decision within five days from the date of submission of the appeal. The entity may be denied the application. A citizen, in turn, has the right to appeal such a decision in court.

Types of services

Citizens recognized as needy can receive the following assistance:

1. Social and domestic. It is aimed at preserving an adequate standard of living and life.
2. Socio-medical. It is aimed at preserving the health of citizens. Such assistance is realized by assisting in the implementation of preventive measures, organization of care, systematic observation of a person for the timely detection of violations and health disorders.
3. Socio-psychological. Such assistance provides for activities aimed at correcting the mental state of citizens for adaptation in society. It can be provided anonymously by a hotline.
4. Socio-pedagogical. This type of assistance is aimed at preventing deviations in the development and behavior of the individual, the formation of a positive interest.
5. Social and labor. It is aimed at attracting citizens to work, solving various problems arising in the professional sphere.

Depending on the specific needs of the subject, other types of assistance may be provided to him.