Skeleton technology of house building: features of technology and stages of erection of the house

Wood is a quality durable material, but it is quite expensive. If you want to buy a wooden house, but are limited in the budget, then you need to prefer wireframe technology. It provides for the possibility of independent construction of a dwelling in a relatively short time. When did the technology of frame house construction come to Russia? It happened relatively recently: in the nineties. The greatest popularity it has found only in the central part of the country. However, if you have firmly decided that it is this technique that will form the basis for the work on creating your home, it is important to get acquainted with its nuances and secrets. They will allow you to create a solid and durable construction.

Preparing for the construction of a foundation

Canadian technology of frame housing does not require the creation of a heavy and too buried foundation. Before you start these works, you need to level the territory. Only after this is done the markup. For a house with a width of 10 meters and a length of 15 meters, a trench with a depth of 0.75 m will be needed. It is not necessary to go deeper for the reason that the future construction will have a negligible weight. Depth depends on the climatic conditions, as well as the freezing coefficient of the soil layer.

Work on formwork

If you are interested in the technology of wireframe housing construction, the step-by-step instruction presented in the article will allow you to understand what kind of work needs to be done when preparing the formwork. For example, you need a second- grade or third- grade edged board, the length of which can be equal to the limit of 3.4 to 6 meters. Its thickness can vary from 20 to 25 millimeters.

Prepare a square bar with a side of 50 millimeters. 70 mm nails can be used as fasteners. At the bottom of the trench lies a battle of slate and brick, as well as stones. The thickness of this layer should not be more than 1/3 of the depth of the trench. After the surface is covered with a 20-centimeter layer of sand and watered. You should wait until the liquid is completely gone. Then the layer is again filled with water. These actions will help to compact the pillow, and you need to repeat them about 3-5 times. Then you should start laying the reinforcing cage.

Filling

It is very popular today among private masters of frame house building. The technology of work must be followed, otherwise it will not be possible to achieve a positive result. To prepare the mixture, you should use M-500 cement, sand, fine gravel, and also water. The preparation of the mass can be carried out with a concrete mixer. As proportions, the following ratio should be used: half of a 25 kg bag of cement, 75 kg of sand, 13 liters of water, and 125 kilograms of gravel. Skeleton technology of house construction provides for the need to prepare a volume of mortar, which you can work out for a certain time. If you do not fulfill the specified condition, then the funds will be wasted. Composition, lying awhile, will not be useless for future use.

Construction of walls

The frame technology of house construction provides for the next stage the erection of walls, which must be separated from the foundation by an insulating substrate. It can consist of the most inexpensive and simple material - roofing material, which neatly fits between the embedded beam and the surface of the foundation. After completing these works, you can proceed to laying the foundation for the framework of the walls.

The connection of the bar to each other is in this case carried out by cutting half the thickness of the element at its ends. The width of the sample will correspond to the width of the bar. To ensure the rigidity of the connection between them, you need to drive in a pin of dry wood, called nagel. Preliminary it is necessary to make a hole in the place of future fastening. The nagel must come in with effort. This connection can be used as a corner or internal fixing of the timber to the partition.

Base formation

The frame technology of house building is accompanied by the laying of the foundation for the frame, which will be equal to the height of the two beams. After the embedded elements are in place, the upper one needs to make a propyl. Its depth should be ½ round. The width of the sample must also be corresponding. It is equal to the width that the beam used for the racks possesses. The number of seats should correspond to the number of racks. These elements will need to be installed and fixed by the jigs, which are the brackets connecting the two assemblies of the frame.

Once all the racks have been installed, you can proceed to fasten the upper beam. In it, beforehand cut the grooves, which are necessary for mounting the upper ends of the racks. The step between them should be equal to the size of the grooves that are selected on the main bar. Using the building level and the plumb line, it will be possible to analyze whether there are any distortions and inclinations. The rigidity can be ensured by the method of fixing the posts by the slopes. After that, the temporary elements can be removed. Further, the master can proceed to fixing the longitudinal webs. In doing so, the "groove in the groove" principle should be used. But when tightening, you need to apply building 100-mm nails. After all the above work, you can proceed to the planking with edging boards, so that a solid shield is obtained. Unfinished should leave the door and window openings.

Wall warming

As a thermal insulation material, organic or inorganic materials can be used. It is permissible to apply claydite or slag. At the same time, you should be prepared to ensure that the backfill will eventually settle and the insulation level will be lower. That is why, at the stage of work, it is thoroughly rammed. The selected material for the insulation of the walls of the frame house must have a density of not more than 600 kilograms per cubic meter. The most effective insulation is foam plastic and mineral wool.

If in the area of residence the average daily temperature does not drop below -20 degrees in cold weather, then claydite or slag can be used. Skeleton technology of housing construction before the insulation provides for the implementation of waterproofing. It must fit between the heater and the outer wall. For this you can use a film. However, this material is not so effective. In return, you can prefer parchment paper. It is cut into separate strips and fixed to the wall using rails. The material is laid overlapping, and for the corner joints of the walls you need to make an allowance of 20 centimeters.

Use of plate materials

The use of loose materials increases the laboriousness of work, while plate insulation by the type of mineral wool allows achieving a positive result in a much shorter period. Mineral cotton wool is fixed by bars, the cross section of which is 15x20 centimeters. They are stuffed vertically. After the insulation is finished, the inner walls of the house are hemmed in with a plank board. It is located horizontally to the previously fixed frames of the frame. The inner wall, or, more precisely, the skin, should reach the floorboards so that when the floor is installed they go under the wall.

How to make ceiling overlap?

Skeleton house construction, the technology of which is presented in the article, provides for the next stage overlapping the ceiling. To do this, you need the beams or logs for the ceiling beams. Coniferous wood species will do. Logs should be well dried for several months. Prepare edged sheet pile boards from coniferous rocks, the thickness of which varies from 25 to 28 mm. For racks, a bar with a cross section of 100x80 centimeters is useful. In the role of fastening material, it is possible to use construction staples, as well as nails, which are twice as long as the thickness of the used ceiling board.

Installation of ceiling beams

There are many advantages of the technology of wireframe housing. With your own hands, for example, to build such a house is simple enough. When installing ceiling beams on the ends of the beams, you need to make a quarter selection along the entire length. After this, it is recommended to start installing beams. Do this in such a way that you can navigate through the first and last elements that are set as beacons. The correctness of their installation is checked by the building level. Fixing the beams to the beam, which connects the frame of the house, is carried out by metal or wooden spikes. You can use 150 mm nails or construction staples.

Technology monolithic frame house building was created almost by the same principles as the wireframe. For the device of a ceiling on these techniques it is best to use beams that have an integral length. They should not have joints. As beams, you can use 50 mm paired boards. They are fixed with each other by bolts or any other fastening element.

Installation of supports

Considering the features of the technology of frame house building, you should remember that the supports will be located depending on the proposed layout. This is required in order to later be able to use them for the construction of interior partitions. Before you begin the installation, you should make a markup on the floor. It is used to lay a beam, which will become the bottom base of the partition. In it, grooves are made for connection to the posts, in which a connecting element must be provided. After the lower bar is reinforced to the floor, you can start installing the supports. They must be made of a bar.

The connecting piece is the construction bracket. The advanced technology of frame-panel housing construction provides for the creation of the most durable floor construction for the installation of partitions. Remember that you need to start attaching the boards to the beams from the wall. Only in this way it will be convenient to install the screw of one board in the groove of the other. This indicates that such elements are inside the house. Fixing of boards to beams is made with the help of nails. If the thickness of the board is 30 millimeters, the length of the nail should be 60 mm.

Roof installation

The technology of frame-panel house-building is practiced today when building a dwelling quite often. If you also decided to follow the example of many, you need to know about how the roof installation is done. Initially, the rafters are installed, then the insulation is laid down and a sheathing is installed, as well as a counterweight. Then the master should carry out the installation of the roofing material and complete the work by installing the finishing elements of the structure.

Work on the rafter system

Rafting legs should be installed after the ceiling beams can be securely fixed. They are also called Mauerlats. In the role of rafters, you can use a bar, the cross-section of which is 50x150 millimeters. Excellent fit size of 50x200 millimeters. To begin with, a pattern of rafter legs is prepared. To do this, you need to use two boards, which are overlapped at a right angle. In the upper part they must be attached with a nail. The template rises to the roof and is mounted on the Mauerlats. The alignment of the boards can be adjusted. The edges of the elements should extend beyond the wall level by 40-60 centimeters, in order to make it easier to arrange a drainage system.

As soon as the slope of the skates is obtained, a crossbeam is punched between the rafter legs. It allows you to fix the angle. Two pairs of rafters are assembled to the resulting template, which are installed along the edges. The elements are joined in a half-tree by thick bolts. On the ground, you can assemble the right amount of rafters, which rise to the top and are installed with a certain pitch along the perimeter. At the next stage the master can start warming.

Conclusion

If you are interested in the technology of prefabricated monolithic frame house construction, then you should know that it is based on the use of a constructive scheme. The model implies a frame-bonded system of slabs, columns, and crossbars. They are quite firmly connected to each other and form a single supporting frame. You can use all the tips presented in the article. And then your house will be strong, stable, reliable and cozy.