Screw all-terrain vehicle: the principle of operation, brand. Amphibian-terrain vehicle

As for moving on especially heavy impassability, represented by unstable surfaces, ordinary wheels do not approach, vehicles designed for such conditions establish mechanisms that reduce pressure on the ground. Usually, they are represented by low-pressure wheels or caterpillars. Very rarely use augers. Next, we consider the design, the principle of functioning of machines equipped with them and some of their models.

Definition

The auger-rover all-terrain vehicle, or sknekhod, is a vehicle that moves by using a screw-rotor engine. такие машины могут перемещаться, они носят и некоторые другие названия. In view of the wide variety of types of surfaces on which such machines can move, they bear some other names.

Design

The propeller-driven propulsor is usually represented by two Archimedes screws arranged coaxially with the direction of motion , consisting of high-strength material. This mechanism is a tilted pipe with a screw inside. The screw is created in the form of an inclined plane, screwed onto the cylinder.

Created, presumably, Archimedes in 250 BC. E. Or even earlier, in Greece, originally these devices were intended to raise water to irrigation canals. в., появились транспортные средства, у которых вместо колес либо гусениц были установлены такие механизмы. Much later, in the second half of the 20th century, vehicles appeared that replaced such wheels instead of wheels or caterpillars. These modern analogues of Archimedean screws are called augers.

The devices used on the machines outwardly represent horizontal cylinders, ending with cones on both sides. Outdoors, they are covered with grooves of a spiral shape. Augers are usually produced from non-ferrous metals. They are either hollow or filled with some light polymer, for example, foam. This provides a low specific pressure on the surface, so that vehicles equipped with them are able to move on soft surfaces such as snow and dirt, and even on water.

Principle of operation

The essence of the work of the engines under consideration is that when the screws are rotated, the lugs on the thread are screwed into the surface. The rotation in such a system is organized on the same principle as that of tracked vehicles: the internal screw is slowed down.

Functional qualities

The mechanism under consideration provides high cross-country traffic on ice, snow, depleted soils, and also allows for movement on water. At the same time such vehicles are not suitable for movement on hard surfaces like asphalt. However, in off-road conditions, this type of running gear is also not an ideal option, as it significantly damages the surface, including vegetation.

ZIL-4904

This screw aft all-terrain vehicle was created in 1972. The developer was ZIL. And even before that, he conducted experimental work on such vehicles. So, from 1968 to 1969 years. An experienced all-terrain vehicle SHN-1 was developed. For the new machine, these developments were used.

It was equipped with two ZIL-375 engines with pre-start heaters. образный мотор объемом 6,9 л, развивающий 180 л. This 8-cylinder V- shaped engine with a volume of 6.9 liters, developing 180 liters. With., Which installed on ShN-1. Each of them has its own hydromechanical automatic transmission. Torque through the transfer box is transmitted to the main gearbox, which has two outputs. Through them, it enters the on-board transmissions, each of which drives the corresponding auger.

Throttle control on the ZIL-4904 was initially carried out by the accelerator pedal, then this function was transferred to the handle. For turning, a system is used that includes levers, a dry multi-disc clutch and a final drive brake. Brakes of tape type. The augers were made of light alloy. The diameter of each is 1.5 m, and the length is 5.99 m. This screw-type all-terrain vehicle was equipped with a pumping system, thus making it easier to move around swamps and water. And on hard roads he was transported on a specialized trailer-evacuator.

The cabin for weight reduction was made of fiberglass, but the waterproof case is steel. The cabin accommodated 3 people, 4 more in the cabin. ZIL-4904 existed in passenger and cargo variants. And one was made from the other. Initially, the cabin was installed glazed passenger compartment of fiberglass for 8 seats. Then it was removed, and the loosened cargo platform was covered with a tent. So it turned out a cargo auger all-terrain vehicle with a carrying capacity of 2-2.5 tons. The dimensions of the hull were 8.575 m in length, 3.6 m in width, 3.44 m in height. Due to this ZIL-4904 became the largest vehicle of this type. Its mass is 7,065 tons.

However, he had very modest dynamic characteristics. And the speed of movement varied depending on the coverage. Most quickly, this auger cross-country vehicle traveled in the snow (10.5 km / h) and along the water (10.1 km / h). On the swamp, he could accelerate to 7.3 km / h and slowest moved along the plains (4.45 km / h). At the same time, fuel consumption was very high. When moving along the swamp, it reached 65-73 l / 100 km, and along the water it reached 75-85 l / 100 km.

ZIL-2906

This amphibian-terrain vehicle was developed in 1973 with the use of constructive solutions of the machine considered above. So, for him used similar layouts of controls, transmission scheme, screw material.

отличие от прежней модели, которая так и не нашла применения, данную машину изначально разрабатывали для поисково-спасательного комплекса космонавтов, где е е используют и по сей день . Unlike the previous model, which never found application, this machine was originally developed for the search and rescue complex of astronauts, where it is used to this day . лучшим вариантом такого транспортного средства сочли шнекороторный снегоболотоход. Since their landing can occur in any terrain conditions, the best variant of such a vehicle was considered to be a screw-rotor snow-aerial vehicle.

та машина значительно компактнее предшественника, так как для данных задач не требуется высокая грузоподъемность, но нужна большая быстроходность . This machine is considerably more compact than its predecessor, since for these tasks it is not necessary to have a high load capacity, but high speed is needed . масса - 1280 кг . Its length is 3.8 m, width - 2.3 m, weight - 1280 kg . There were 2 sitting and 2 lying places. МеМЗ-967А мощностью по 37 л. In view of this compact size, two MeMZ-967A engines with a capacity of 37 liters were used to reduce the weight and simplify the design . . With . 3- ступенчатой вальной КПП с механизмом реверса , установленной под углом в 45 ° к двигателю. Each of them is docked with a single-disk clutch, a planetary gear, a three- stepped gearbox with a reverse gear installed at an angle of 45 ° to the engine. The maximum speed is 15 km / h.

In 1979, we developed an upgraded version, ZIL-29061. This amphibian-cross-country vehicle is characterized by large body dimensions. The length was increased to 4.86 m, the width to 2.39 m. The engines from Zaporozhets were replaced with VAZ engines with a capacity of 77 l. from. Complete with 4-speed manual transmission. The mass is 1,855 tons. The maximum speed has increased by 10 km / h.

Other Models

• DAF Amphirol. советских машин. It was created in Holland in 1966, that is, before the Soviet machines considered above . был значительно быстрее них (по суше мог разгоняться до 35 км/ч) и также перемеща лся по воде. At the same time, it was much faster than them (by land it could accelerate to 35 km / h) and also moved along the water. DAF. However, this amphibian-scraper was not a factory product, but a private development equipped with a DAF engine .

• Fordson Snow Devil. Armstead Snow Motor. The only American serial car of this kind is Armstead Snow Motor. е производили в 1920-х гг. They did not produce in the 1920s. Fordson. Based on Fordson tractors .

• SHN-67 "Shnek". This is the first screw-type all-terrain vehicle developed by ZIL, created in 1967. In the future, the upgraded version of ShN-68 was developed. Based on these machines, the ZIL-4904 considered above was created.

• GPI-16. This model differs in design from the others considered, as it is a monotonous. That is, in the running gear the augers are aligned with the skids. This screw auger was developed by the laboratory of snowmobile machines of the Gorky Polytechnic Institute. There were a lot of his models, but each in a single copy, and they were not widely spread.

• который б ыл предназначен специально для экспедиции Ice Challenge. Snowbird 6. The modern British model, created in 2001. It is a juniper-transformer, which was designed specifically for the Ice Challenge expedition .

• MudMaster. Residue Solutions. Submitted in 2002 by Residue Solutions. Residue Solutions стала лидером в производстве таких машин. Designed to service irrigation stations of sludge fields, as well as for work on marshes, shorelines, in mangrove forests, etc. Thanks to this model, Residue Solutions has now become a leader in the production of such machines.

Application

Functional qualities are determined by the purpose: screw propellers are installed on ATVs and amphibians for particularly severe conditions. However, due to the destructive impact exerted on the surface, and also due to the highly specialized nature of these mechanisms in the field of vnutrikohodostroeniya have not found extensive application.