Riddles, which are based on the description of properties, attributes. Descriptions of riddles for children

Everyone knows the riddles. This small form of folk art gives unusually great opportunities for the development of the child. She appears in the life of the baby even in the preschool period and has become one of the most favorite pursuits for many years.

What is a riddle

Among the great variety of genres belonging to oral folk art, such as nursery rhymes, jokes, jokes, songs, proverbs, sayings, the riddle takes the most honorable place. And it can not be confused with anything.

In the puzzle the presentation of the question is extremely compressed, but it remains capacious and imaginative. The task of the author of the puzzle is that the description of properties, features characteristic of a particular object or phenomenon should not be missed.

What are the goals of the riddle in the development of children

A teacher or parents, offering a child a game where to guess riddles, pursue certain goals. Some of them can be formulated as follows:

• Development of the imagery of speech. This is facilitated by such means as epithets, personifications, comparisons, rhythm and rhyme.
• The use of polysemantic words in riddles. It helps enrich the child's vocabulary. When solving a puzzle, a little man has to think about the secondary meaning of the word, pay attention to such a phenomenon of language as polysemy.
• Development of fantasy. There is always an invention in the riddle. The child involuntarily should follow it, developing thus the imagination. The properties and attributes of objects described in the puzzle are not true. And it's only a guess that puts everything in its place.
• Understanding the links. The riddle provides an opportunity to reflect on the connections that exist in the world between objects and phenomena.

The list presented here indicated only the main goals that adults usually pursue, playing with the child in riddles. In fact, this list is much more extensive.

Types of puzzles and the readiness of children to work with them

Solving riddles, the child solves certain logical tasks, performs certain mental operations. Depending on this, all riddles are divided into groups according to the level of their complexity.

The success of guessing the riddles of any level of complexity will depend on how much the children are ready for it. They should be guided in the world of things, actions, relationships, which are described in the texts of riddles. In order for a child to do this, adults need to carry out targeted preparatory work.

The development of the child's ability to analyze the language of the riddle will in many respects affect the effectiveness of their guessing. Any riddle offered to an adult by a child should be considered from different perspectives: whether the task was pleased, whether the subject was well described, what prompted the correct answer, what words describe the smell, color, and action.

Considering the fact that once a kid is asked to make a puzzle himself, one can include such questions:

• What words begin the riddle?
• How does it end?
• How is the question formulated?
• Pick up your words to describe the subject.

Gradually the child will learn how to find the answer himself, using all the signs, properties of objects described in it. And it will help him in this language riddles.

In addition, the result can be affected by the manner in which the task is presented to adults, the level of the child's speech development, his age, the volume of knowledge of encyclopedic nature, and other factors.

Riddles of the first level. Signs of the subject

In tasks of the first level of complexity, such riddles are presented - a description of the signs of a certain phenomenon or object. At the same time there is a simple listing. The name, size, shape, color, purpose, sound, material of manufacture, ways of movement and so on are called.

In the same group, you can include puzzles, where there is a description of the signs, but in their list the solution of the problem is encrypted. To guess such puzzles, it is enough to make a simple analysis, that is, to highlight the signs, and then combine them into a single whole, performing a synthesis operation.

Usually puzzles related to the first level of complexity provide the subject with a sufficient number of signs - and the logical task is solved easily and quickly.

Riddles of the second level. Item Properties

This group includes riddles - descriptions of the properties of objects that are expressed by one or two characteristics. Despite the brevity of the description, the kid needs to restore the whole image.

The same group includes riddles, which are based on comparison, comparison of objects and phenomena. The text can use the method of negation.

In order to guess such puzzles, the child must have a fairly complete idea of the object to be caged or the phenomenon. He needs not only to identify the properties in the puzzle, but also to compare them with other characteristics of the same subject, which are not represented in the text of the task.

Riddles of the third level. Description of properties, characteristics

In order to guess the riddles related to the third level of complexity, children need to perform the operations of comparing properties and attributes, which at first glance seem very far from each other. But this may seem only at first. Here the child needs to understand the hidden meaning of the metaphor.

Themes of puzzles

The choice of puzzles, which describe the description of properties, signs of objects, actions, phenomena are influenced by many factors. First of all, it must be remembered that children have limited ideas about the world in which they live. This is due to their poor living experience.

It is for this reason that the theme of riddles can be the objects that surround the child in everyday life. They are close to the baby, have an emotional impact on him. Most often the word-guessing is the name of toys, pets, food, hygiene items and household items.

With age, the circle of topics expands, and the level of complexity of the proposed puzzles changes. Transport, natural phenomena, sport, profession, the world of plants and animals - a list of puzzles that can be used with older children.

Composing your own puzzles

The guessing process is very exciting for children. But creating your own puzzles is no less interesting, although it is much more difficult.

At the very beginning of the development of this type of work, babies should be offered to write a puzzle - a description of the properties. They are made according to the pattern that the adult demonstrates. It's no secret that not all children are able to cope with this kind of task right away. But regular classes are able to develop this skill in any child.

After a certain time, the guys themselves will come up with riddles for describing the properties, signs of objects, getting true pleasure from this kind of work.

The result of the creative work of children on the composition of riddles can become a book or album designed by them. In addition to the texts of riddles, you can put pictures to them in the album.

For reference

When working with a riddle, one constantly has to operate with the concepts "attribute" and "property". So what is the sign different from the property? Briefly it can be formulated as follows: a sign is a general characteristic of an object. The property gives a detailed description of the quality of the object.

The history of the appearance of a puzzle in our life can be of interest to both children and adults.

The ancient man had a special attitude to this kind of creativity. It is known that in many tribes there was a rite of dedication of a boy into a man. To a young man could withstand the test for maturity, he had to prove his agility, physical strength and courage. To do this, it was necessary to withstand the severe pain, kill a ferocious predator on the hunt, and also show your mind, knowledge, ingenuity.

Among the Germans and the ancient Greeks, one of the forms of single combat was the guessing of riddles. A man who did not cope with the task lost his life.

Slavs have a belief that mermaids like to make riddles and ruin people who can not find the answer.

Guessing and guessing of riddles was an indispensable condition of the Russian wedding ceremony. The bridesmaids had to come up with very difficult tasks for the groom and his friends. If young people could not guess these riddles, then they did not give the bride either. Such a ceremony can be seen in modern weddings, only now it is a comic character.

Having appeared many millennia ago, riddles have always been and remain a means by which you can refill the knowledge of the surrounding world, develop your ability to think figuratively, uniquely, to show observation, ingenuity, intelligence.