Raspberry: varieties for Siberia. Description, features of planting and care

Who does not dream to taste fragrant berries of raspberries with the onset of summer? This is the most popular berry among amateur gardeners. They can endlessly talk about varieties, planting, growing, taste and color of these fruits. And what a tasty and useful jam comes from raspberries!

Only the life of this berry is short: its usual varieties bear fruit in the middle of summer, once a year it depends on the variety and region of cultivation. But what do the raspberry lovers who live in Siberia want to grow this berry?

Not so long ago, breeders were introduced "Siberian" raspberries - varieties for Siberia, specifically designed for cultivation in this region.

General information about raspberry

Raspberry is the representative of the family Rosaceae Luss - rosaceous, genus Rubus L. This is a long half-shrub that has a shortened life cycle of the plant overground part. The root system is a rhizome with multiple subordinate roots that extend to a depth of up to 40 cm.

Rhizome gives shoots of two types: reproduction and replacement. The aerial part of the plant develops in two cycles: annual shoots grow in the first year until the autumn cooling, in the second year they yield, wither and disappear.

It is established that the yield of raspberry directly depends on the height and diameter of the shoot: the higher the stems, the more the number of fruit branches on them is formed, and, consequently, the greater the yield. Therefore, it is necessary to take timely care of creating optimal conditions that promote the development and growth of annual shoots.

What should be the raspberry variety for Siberia

Raspberry does not require any special care, however this plant is quite susceptible to colds, which narrows the possibilities of its cultivation in areas with a harsh climate. Therefore, before undertaking the cultivation of this crop, it is necessary to study varieties that are most suitable for soils and climatic conditions in the region where raspberries will be grown. Varieties for Siberia should be, first of all, frost-resistant, ripening before the beginning of the cold and resistant to pests and diseases.

For the successful cultivation of raspberries in the year, about 75 days are required with an absolute temperature of more than 10 ° C and an average annual temperature of 1600 to 1800 ° C. In Western Siberia, such criteria are met by regions located south of the geographical line Khanty-Mansiysk-Krasnoyarsk. In Eastern Siberia, these are small plots in the basins of the Selenga, the Angara and the Yenisei, and in the Far East almost all of the Amur basin is suitable for planting.

Siberian raspberries

Raspberries react negatively to very low humidity of air streams: at a relative air humidity of 40%, less than 40%, the so-called "air drought" begins, which is not affected even by watering the soil. It leads to a sharp decrease in yield and berry harvests.

Regarding the Southern Urals, Siberia and the Left Bank of the Volga, in these regions the excessive dryness of the continental climate is significantly affected.

Breeders were specially adapted to the harsh conditions of raspberries. Sorts for Siberia, the most popular in the northern region, are as follows:

• Ogonek Sibirskiy - a variety with standard dates for the ripening of berries;
• Early sweet - early raspberry, perfectly tolerating Siberian frosts;
• Barnaul - a super-resistant to frost variety;
• Reward - frost-resistant appearance with sweet berries;
• The gift of Siberia is a winter-resistant medium-late variety, highly resistant to diseases, black berries.

Conditions for cultivation

Of all the existing berry crops, only raspberries are the most demanding for the presence of lighting. The productivity of its shoots increases with the improvement of illumination. To achieve this, trim, normalize and select the optimal supporting system. Raspberries in the garden are exacting to the moisture of the soil and react poorly to a lack of moisture. The greatest importance is attached to precipitation at the beginning of vegetation.

Raspberry, standing out with great exactitude for dampness, at the same time, does not endure intense overmoistening. Surplus water in the soil leads to the death of the rhizome due to lack of oxygen, the growth of the shoots slows down, the aging of their tissues lags. The plants instantly reduce cold resistance and productivity. In addition, the number of pathogens in the wet earth grows.

Raspberry is also very demanding for the mechanical and fertile soil composition where it grows. There is nothing better than to plant a raspberry in an average slightly acidic loam with good drainage.

How to choose a site for planting

The site, which is decided to choose for planting raspberries, must meet the following criteria:

1. It is advisable to have a watering system near the pond for the device of the watering system (or dugout).
2. The humus content required for planting should be within 8% in weakly acidic or neutral soils.
3. The subsoil layer should be well permeable and, at the same time, moist. For this you can make plowing and loosening.
4. The level of soil water in the site should not be more than one and a half meters from the surface of the earth, since excessive moisture acts foully on the reproduction of raspberries, and spring flooding - especially. For planting saucers and lowlands will not do. In addition, in such unfavorable areas, air masses stagnate, which slows down the gas exchange processes and leads to the development of fungi and freezing in winter.
5. A significant role in the site is protected from the wind blowing, especially squall during the period of fullness of the branches with fruits.

Features of cultivation

At the same place, raspberry bushes can bring good harvests for about eight years. This is followed, as they say, by the "fatigue of the soil". It is expressed in the fact that the stocks of nutrients are drying up, while the root system is aging. In addition, a different pathogenic microflora accumulates on the plantation, and raspberries are spoiled.

The description of the solution to this problem contains various systems of cultural turnover:

1. The plantation is planted in half of the planned area. After four or five years, the landing moves to the second half, and the first one is writhing.
2. With enough large areas, a new plantation is broken every year. This ensures the availability of all age groups and continuous turnover.
3. Alternation of plantings of raspberries, vegetables (except for solanaceous) and "vapors".

The best raspberry will feel on the plateau of medium elevations and gentle slopes located on the north-west or west side.

Care of seedlings

As it is necessary to plant raspberries and buy its seedlings, as a rule, at different times, it is very important to preserve the planting material: it is temporarily buried or trampled, observing that the root system is not dried up due to insufficient compaction by the earth.

Raspberry bushes are not distinguished by the high frost resistance of the aboveground parts. The stems of most varieties deteriorate already at minus 28 ° C. Therefore, in Siberia and the Urals they must be sheltered for the winter. Usually in the Urals and in Western Siberia, it is sufficient to bend the stems to the ground with sprinkling them with snow. In the Far East and in Eastern Siberia, it is possible to cover them with soil (in the image of vineyards).

The tops of stems on raspberry bushes, as a rule, do not bring a full crop, but they spend nutritious elements on blossoming and bud formation. In addition, they often freeze. Therefore, they must be cut immediately after the plants have left the wintering grounds.

Ways to keep between rows

The degree of hydration of the plantation is the primary factor influencing the choice of the way of row care, which raspberries require. The description of the technology for the removal of moisture or its conservation is as follows:

1. In the field of excessive moistening, the interplaning areas are usually planted, that is, planting between rows of special grass grass. Its sheet mass increases the drainage of excess moisture and provides a better water-air regime in the soil layer where the roots are located. Therefore, even in wet, rainy weather, there is no mud and no slush in the row.
2. When there is a lack of moisture or excessive evaporation, row-spacing is mulched with straw. A light layer of mulch usually has a temperature a couple of degrees lower than the air temperature. Therefore, upon it, after the sun sets, moisture condenses and returns to the soil. That is, there is a so-called "dry watering" beds.

Also, the light color of the mulch reflects the rays of the sun, giving light to the rows from below, which has a beneficial effect on how the raspberries develop - varieties for Siberia need additional lighting.

Arrangement of landing

Having bought a planting stock, it's time to start the site breakdown. The plantation is divided into strip-rows, trying to orient them across the slopes (for large areas) and across the movement of adverse winds. It is also desirable to orient the series from north to south, which makes it possible to uniformly illuminate bushes on all sides of the row, and this, in turn, positively affects their yield.

Planting raspberries in Siberia is possible in both autumn and spring. At this time, you can do without irrigation, that is, natural moisturizing.

Depending on the amount of work, planting can be done manually, if the plantation area does not exceed one hectare, or mechanized, if more.

If a manual landing is carried out, first the pegs are driven into the rows and a wire or cord is pulled between them. Next, planting shrubs in pairs, that is, two in one hole. Between the holes retreat half a meter and the ground from the next hole is covered with the roots of the seedlings in the previous one.

Stamp varieties for the cold region

In general, the stem is the part of the trunk that is visible from the ground to the first branch. The stab has no lateral branches and shoots. With respect to berry crops, the name "stamping" means that the plant has a strong trunk and does not need a garter, tapestries or supports.

Escape of a stamped raspberry variety is a chunky, truncated trunk, having a height of about one and a half meters. It has not a drooping top, dense wood, and in people this raspberry is called a crimson tree.

Stamp raspberries in Siberia are represented by such varieties as Stambovaya-19, Krepysh, Tarusa and others. They have stiff and thick trunks, in the second season they give a lot of fruit branches with abundant harvest. If you cut off the branches of substitution on such a stem, then the raspberry bush will resemble a tree, which will not slope even when under the weight of the crop. If these branches are left, they will bend over, full of berries, but not reach the ground.

Shoots that are harvested, cut out, as in normal varieties.

Growing of raspberry raspberry in Siberia

Recent studies of breeders brought to the market new varieties, called remontnymi. It is recognized that the repair is the best raspberries for Siberia. Such plants can bear fruit for two seasons, but more often one-year cultivation is practiced. The yield of these varieties exceeds the fruiting of ordinary varieties by four to five times.

In addition, remontant varieties are more resistant to disease, transportable and most non-salty.

One-season cultivation provides that after harvesting and the onset of frost in late October, the harvested shoots are cut or mowed to the soil level. In the spring new branches grow, then the process repeats. It is important not to allow thickening of plantings.

Varieties of repair raspberry for Siberia are represented by raspberry varieties Indian Summer, Monomakh's Cap, Hercules, Bryansk Divo, Inaccessible, Chef, Kalashnik and others, having a small vegetation period.

For the early cultivation of shoots in the spring after thawing the earth they cover with black covering material, and after the appearance of shoots, they set up trellises. As soon as possible to wake raspberry - that's the secret of growing this berry in Siberia.

Pros and cons of the remontant one-year raspberry

The merits of this raspberry culture include:

• Removal of the fertilized stems makes it easier to control pests and diseases;
• Do not need to shelter for the winter;
• The use of chemicals is minimized;
• The time of consumption of fresh raspberries was prolonged;
• Varieties do not need a garter and device tapestry;
• Dense berries, which do not crumble, allow organizing large-scale mechanized harvesting of crops;
• Remontant varieties give few substitute shoots and shoots, which simplifies the fight against thickening, but complicates the reproduction of raspberries.

The main disadvantage of these varieties is the high price of seedlings, which is due to the difficulty of reproduction, associated with a small number of offspring. This is due to the fact that one-year repair varieties give all their strength to the formation of a bush and crop on it, so that the roots and processes do not have time to develop.