Hazelnut "Trapezund": variety description, growing characteristics, yield

There is no need to talk much about nuts and explain why hazelnuts are so useful to humans. Most people themselves know this. Positive qualities of hazelnut were noted by the inhabitants of the planet several centuries ago. People collected, processed and consumed herbs, berries, roots, nuts, which made their body stronger, and immunity is more stable.

Today this culture is actively grown in our region. Cheese "Trebizond" can be purchased at any store, although quality nuts are not cheap.

How to grow and care for the plant and whether you can get a quality harvest from the bush at home, try to figure it out together.

Growing hazelnut as an integral part of industrial activity

In European countries, the technology of stem cultivation of hazelnut (wood) came from America. This method is preferable in growing, because single-barreled crowns show several times higher yields than bushy ones. This is explained by the indicators of the rapid growth of the harvest. It is noted that 5-6-year-old trees give a sufficiently high litter from a unit of the horizontal projection of the crown.

In the nut cultures, the value of the growth index of the ground part of plants is less, which facilitates the mechanization of the main part of the work, which is the most labor intensive - the harvesting of nuts, which accounts for about 47% of all costs associated with the industrial cultivation of nuts.

Hazelnut in the cottage

The property of excellent adaptation to any type of soil makes the hazelnut "Trapezund" suitable for cultivation not only on an industrial scale, but also at home. You can use the stony soil with advantage, where vegetable crops (cucumbers and tomatoes) do not grow for growing walnuts. Hazelnut can grow where it is difficult to plow the land and water the beds. It is due to the features of the plant and botanical characteristics. Despite the growth in meager soils, the plant still shows a high level of yield.

Technology of growing hazelnuts

Modern economic economic conditions contribute to the industrial cultivation of hazelnuts. Therefore, in order to increase the production efficiency of nuts, it is necessary to work on concentrating attention on those tasks, the solution of which will lead to guaranteed stable high yield and product quality.

Among the priorities of technology of cultivation of hazelnut nuts "Trapezund" structural features of plantings.

Such indicators as the width and height of the crown determine its volume. In the course of studies for 24 months, such changes occur: when forming a shrub, the volume of the crown of the hazelnut variety named "Trebizond" is increased by 1.35 m ³ , while forming a tree - 3.22 m ³ .

Representatives of the sham formation "Derevo" show a much larger crown increase, which confirms the high technological level of the crop in comparison with the control sample.

The cultivation of the hazelnut species under consideration in shrub form is characterized by a smaller increase due to neglect of the crown and a deterioration in the ventilation of the bush. It is noted that in bushes with a large formation of trunks, ovaries are showered more actively, the number of empty fruits is higher, and their formation is observed only from the outer part of the crown of the hazelnut bush.

Proceeding from this, it is noticeable that the indicators of the growth force and nut productivity depend on the conditions for the formation of the crown of the plant and its age. Changes in the structure of plants of the sham filings of hazelnut "Derevo" are manifested due to such biometric parameters:

• Increase in height;
• Formation and modification of the crown;
• Increasing the diameter of the stem;
• Increase the natural potential of the plant.

The economic value of hazelnut nuts is established according to the data of mechanical analysis, which include:

• Percentage of the weight of the hazelnut kernel to the weight of the whole nut;
• Kernel execution;
• Shrinkage (percentage).

Nuts with fine shells, large in size, with good taste and uniform color, are considered highly valued fruits.

Procedure of planting plants

Before digging the hole, prepare the proposed site for planting hazelnut "Trebizond". Comments gardeners confirm that if you provide the plant with a thorough care and favorable conditions, then the yield rises many times, although the walnut does not bear fruit well. The earth is plowed or dig up to a depth of 40 centimeters. It is this cavity that is suitable for maximum enrichment of the soil with moisture, oxygen, and promotes optimal placement of the root system. Spring plantings are prepared from autumn and vice versa. Autumn planting is considered more fruitful, because in summer the earth accumulates a sufficient amount of moisture, which contributes to a gentle over-wintering of the bush.

Important! Remember: the soil, poor humus, it is necessary to plow the entire depth of the layer, adding 10 cm to loosening the soil.

The most preferable landing according to the schemes: 4х5 / 4х6 / 5х6 / 6х6. The planting technology depends on the type of soil, because the more fertile the land, the greater the volume of the bush and the place it occupies. The nesting is considered a classic landing: 5-7 bushes are arranged in a circle, 1.5 m in diameter and 6x6 in diameter. Before deepening the root system and the lower part of the stem of the seedling into the pit, all the root processes except the central one are removed, which ensures the growth of the bush in one trunk and the intensive deepening of the roots into the ground.

Features of planting hazelnuts

The optimal time for landing is autumn. In November, when the earth is sufficiently saturated with minerals, it is best to plant seedlings. This will ensure the stress tolerance of plants in winter.

Before planting, the soil is fertilized. The mixture is prepared from:

• Manure - 250 kg;
• Phosphate-potassium fertilizers - 500 g.

Proportion is indicated with the calculation of fertilizing for fertilizing 1 hundredth of the earth. In addition, before planting the plants, 5 kg of manure is poured into each well.

Pits 70x70 during the autumn planting are excavated in advance: approximately 6 weeks before planting.

It is better, when the process is managed by two people: the first is engaged in leveling and tamping the ground in the hole, the second gently falls asleep.

After planting, each of the hazelnut seedlings is cut, leaving only 20 cm from the ground level.

Planting plants, watch the state of the site where young seedlings grow: the soil should be clean and without weeds, do not forget about the systematic loosening of the soil around the planting hole by 7-9 cm, the diameter of the fluff should not exceed the volume of the bush itself.

Hazelnut is a monoecious plant, so together with it they plant a couple of mutually pollen varieties next to the hazelnut "Trapezund". Pollinators are represented by Kosford and others. Harvest is not fertile, if you do not take into account this feature. With the correct procedure for planting with cross pollination from 1 hectare, up to 500 kg of nuts are obtained.

Advantages of the cultivated crop

The merits of the shredded culture represented by hazelnut "Trapezund" include:

1. The maximum number of units of seedlings on one square meter of the area;
2. High levels of fat content (2% more) and proteins (2-6% higher) than in the classical growing scheme.
3. Shtambovaya shaping allows you to get fruits with a greater weight of 0.50 grams than with the control (bush).
4. Shtambovaya shaping allows you to get fruits with a yield of the kernel by 2.5-10% higher than in the bushes.
5. Stamp form, in contrast to the bush, begins fruiting 1-2 years earlier.
6. With intensive growth under conditions of a special microclimate, plants become more stress-resistant.
7. Comparing with the bush form, it is noted that the productivity of growing stems is up to 80% higher than the bush plantings.
8. The possibility of mechanized harvesting of nuts.
9. Earlier ripening of fruits: a week sooner than with bush forms.

How to care for a plant?

The advantage of the grown culture in the form of hazelnut is that of all known diseases and pests, none can have a significant negative impact on the plant. Despite such persistence, endurance to weather conditions and not fastidiousness in the soil, preventive treatments are also welcome, for example, against the hazel beetle, and thinned bush crowns, and pruning of damaged shoots. We will become acquainted with the rules of care for the hazelnut "Trebizond", cultivation and peculiarities of storing nuts.

Hazelnut irrigation system

Hazelnut - moisture-loving culture. Perfectly feels when growing in river floodplains. The question of irrigation is simply solved by drilling a well if the site is located away from water bodies or by installing drums with water for drip irrigation of the plantation.

Plants impoverished in moisture and water, as a rule, give a meager crop. Only in warm areas, subject to the fall of about 1 m of precipitation a year, the plant can bring fertility without the need for systematic watering. But this rule does not apply to hazelnuts of the "Northern". This walnut is adapted to growing in a cold climate. Sometimes even if the zonality and climate are satisfied, the exact rate of precipitation is unknown.

Therefore, experts recommend that in the first three years of life the seedlings perform systematic autumn watering of plants, allocating about 300 liters of water to each of the hazelnut bushes "Trapezund." The description of the variety of the plant in question, or more precisely, the botanical reference, will help determine the irrigation rates and the characteristics of walnut cultivation. If the growing conditions are not very favorable, and the soil was previously used for the agrotechnics of other plants and was not prepared, the volumes of odes increase to 1000 liters, and in the period of fruiting, up to 1500 liters.

Irrigation periods: recommendations

The rate of irrigation is adjusted depending on the amount of precipitation and soil moisture. In general, there are 5 main periods:

1. The first and the beginning of the second decade of May.
2. The first two weeks of June to feed bushes in summer heat.
3. The first half of July.
4. The first and second decade of August.
5. End of October - early November to prepare for the winter.

Watering in the early spring is meaningless, as the period of flowering and development in the hazelnut "Trapezund" comes earlier than in other plants. At 4 years of life, bushes and watering double. During the period of active fertility, it is recommended to water 1.5 m ³ per hazelnut bush.

Important! If perennial grasses are planted between rows, the watering volumes are doubled.

Pruning plants

Pruning is considered to be one of the main agrotechnical moments in the cultivation of hazelnuts, allowing to regulate the growth, development, fruiting, the life span of the plant, the timing of entry into fruiting, the yield of plants, the quality of nuts. Also, this process is responsible for such physiological features of the plant as an increase in winter hardiness, resistance to certain pests and diseases. Using such a cultivation tool, specialists manage to approximate or postpone the flowering period in spring, to control the period of growth of shoots.

In all cases of cultivation, the principle of pruning is the same. In the process, a light sparse crown with maximum access of oxygen and light is provided, which stimulates the growth and formation of young shoots and twigs with fruit buds covering the main skeletal branches.

Planting the seedlings, the layers show the first shoots, with which later the gardeners form the future stem.

Fertilizer

Planting plants, make mineral fertilizers, consisting of 150 g of superphosphate and 50 g of potassium salt with the addition of 5 kg of humus to each fossa.

In spring, when the fruits begin to tie (in June), the plants are fed urea with a concentration of up to 0.5%.

Mulching

Prichulnoe mulching is carried out according to the agrotechnical method, which provides the plant with the preservation of moisture and free access of oxygen. Use a mixture of near-ground land with sawdust, not coniferous trees, in proportion 1: 1 or replace the land with humus, fertilizing in the same volume.

Methods of propagation of culture

One of the classical methods is reproduction by means of layers. In general, the process is not complicated and consists of several stages:

1. The branches are placed in horizontal grooves with a shallow depth and slightly pinned. It is better to use last year's shoots, since older ones show worse development indices and do not take root well. The procedure is carried out in the autumn and early spring.
2. Grooves with hazelnut seedlings are covered with humus, watered, and small cuts are made in the attachment points, which help to accelerate the growth of the kidneys.
3. The tops are tied to the stakes, and pinch the growth point.

Features of harvesting of nuts

Harvest is collected in late August - the first decade of September, focusing on the loss of fruits and dry wrappers. Collecting and drying the harvest, the nuts are stored in a dry room. There are rules and recommendations on how to keep the hazelnut "Trebizond". Yield per tree is about 15 kilograms.

After harvesting, the nuts are stored in a dry, cool place, observing the temperature regime within 4-13 degrees Celsius for 12 months; At 0-3 degrees Celsius - about 3-4 years.