Quail On The Home Farm

UDC 636.5 / .6

Quail on the home farm.

Chickens, geese, ducks, turkeys are traditional inhabitants of bird houses, but pheasants, guinea fowl and quail on the farmsteads began to appear relatively recently, but from the point of view of economic utility they are very interesting.

Quail - the most tiny and early ripening poultry of the family of pheasant chicken. Simplicity of the maintenance and feeding allows to keep them both in a city, and in village. She gives up to 300 eggs a year. And the uniqueness of food and dietary properties allows almost everyone to eat eggs and meat quails without restrictions.

Biological and economic features, due to which it is worth breeding a quail:

• They are the fastest-growing of domesticated birds, begin to rush from 40 days, at 2 months of age it is already quite an adult bird that can be left for eggs or used for meat;
• Quails are unpretentious, 50x95x35 cm can hold an average of 50 heads per day, twenty to 25 grams of fodder are needed per day, ie, in two months - up to 1.5 kg, and labor costs are reduced to daily feeding, water change, cleaning Premises and collecting eggs. The norm is 70-80 birds per 1 sq. M.
• Quail seldom get sick and can do without vaccination. They are less susceptible to many infectious diseases inherent in the rest of the domestic chicken, and quail eggs can be eaten raw, getting the whole complex of nutrients, without their losses during heat treatment. This feature allows you to receive environmentally friendly products, without the use of vaccines and antibiotics.

The range of wild quail covers almost the entire Old World. And everywhere this bird is the object of sport hunting. Of the six subspecies now known, which differ little in size and color, the common quail is most common. He nests in Europe, North Africa and Asia, and winters in Central Africa and southern Asia, where he spends 7-8 months a year. Inhabits the plains and mountains. Breeds on the ground. In the laying of 9-15 eggs, which the female incubates for 15-17 days. The diet uses mainly seeds, kidneys and shoots, less often insects.

In the south of Ukraine, the North Caucasus and Central Asia, autumn hunting during the migration of birds to the common quail has become a trade earlier, and the birds have been salted for barrels. The total catch for the autumn on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus reached several thousand. In Central Asia and the Caucasus, hunting is still widespread with specially trained hawk-sparrow hawks.

Mineral fertilizers and pesticides used in the fields, as well as mass capture, led to a sharp decrease in the number of quails at the present time.

The domestication of quails began about a thousand years ago in Japan, but only about a hundred years ago they were used in industrial poultry farming to produce eggs and meat. After the ability of the female quail to be established for year-round laying of eggs, the selection of this bird for an increase in egg productivity began. In many countries, farms with a production capacity of 700-800 thousand carcasses and several tens of millions of eggs per year are created. As a result of the selection work, the egg lines have been taken, which have spread in many countries. In China, more than 25 million heads of quails are produced annually.

In Russia, quail farming began to develop late - since 1964, when 27 quails were brought from the world poultry exhibition to the production and experimental poultry farm of VNIIPP. Later, another 1,000 quails of monthly age were brought from Japan. That is, the domestic modern quail is the direct descendants of the Japanese. Unfortunately, in the sixties scientists did not find any advantages of quails in comparison with chickens. But in fact, we have always had a quail in our riches. From ancient times, they were caught in the forests of the Kursk, Orel, Tula, Tambov and Kharkov provinces. Flying quail is not very good, mostly running around. Several people caught them at once. The most deserving was the one who could well imitate the voice of a bird and thereby lure birds into the net.

Currently, the market for quail eggs in Russia is estimated at 145 million. Per year, quail meat of about 600 tons per year. More than 70% of sales falls on megacities. Small towns and rural areas account for less than 10%. When comparing the population, the capacity of the quail egg market in Russia is about 20 times lower than in Japan.

A surge of interest in quails in Russia arose against the backdrop of information on the usefulness of their eggs in the rehabilitation of people affected by the effects of radiation after the Chernobyl disaster. The experience of their use was described by the magazine "OGONEK." The doctors recorded a normalization of appetite in patients, the disappearance of fatigue and pain in the heart, a reduction in complaints of dizziness and nosebleeds and, moreover, increased hemoglobin content in the blood of children in the experimental group and they gained weight. The doctors issued a verdict: recognize quail eggs as a valuable dietary product and recommend them in the treatment of people exposed to radioactive radiation.

The industry received a new impulse in connection with the national development project of the agro-industrial complex, which drew the attention of entrepreneurs to this business.

Now the products of the quail industry offer all categories of agricultural producers, from large poultry farms and farmers to households. The absolute leader in production is the Voronezh region, where three poultry farms own half of all the country's capacities. High potential has Krasnodar, Stavropol, Rostov, Samara and Bryansk regions and many others.

Constant consumers of products of quail production are several target groups:

• use for medical reasons. Exceptional dietary and nutritional properties and increased accessibility led to significant segment growth;

• baby food. The segment began to develop in the 90's against the backdrop of numerous publications about the exceptional usefulness of quail eggs. It was also promoted by the fact that the production of perepelovodstva differs in the absence of allergic reaction and symptoms of diathesis in children, and also with good digestibility;

• healthy eating. Recently, in the country, as in many developed countries, emphasis is placed on a healthy lifestyle, one of the elements of which is a healthy diet.

Quail eggs taste like chicken. It is believed that their regular use in the morning in a raw form before eating increases the vitality, and the use of courses for 2-3 months improves the condition of people with asthma, tuberculosis and diseases of the cardiovascular system. Quail eggs, unlike the eggs of other domestic birds, contain less cholesterol, and therefore are recommended to the elderly. In comparison with chicken, quail eggs contain 5 times more potassium, 4.5 times iron, 2.5 times vitamin B1 and B2, as well as a significant amount of vitamin A, phosphorus, cobalt and nicotinic acid. Quail eggs are more valuable in protein content. High food and dietary value of quail eggs is also due to the significant content of various fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the optimal ratio for humans.

Quail meat is characterized by tenderness, aroma and juiciness. According to its taste and chemical composition, it, like eggs, is considered a valuable dietary and delicacy products. Quail meat is more delicious and richer than chicken, pork and beef vitamins (A, B1, B2), trace elements (iron, potassium, cobalt and copper) and essential amino acids.

Choose ...

Currently, a selection of breeds of quail: marble, pharaoh, British black and white quail, as well as various crosses from the crossing of these breeds. In the International Register of Breeds and Quail Lines, six breeds are listed: English white and black, Australian yellow-brown, Manchurian golden, tuxedo and pharaoh, and 60 different lines. All except the Pharaoh, which is referred to the meat direction, is used to produce eggs.

Quail common (wild) - the smallest bird of the order of chickens, with a body length of 16-20 cm, weighing from 80 to 150 g. The female incubates and takes out the chicks for 17-20 days. Nestlings after drying dry immediately begin to peck feed and grow very quickly and by the 40th day they have plumage of an adult bird and try to fly. They are easy to breed on the farmsteads, taking into account several recommendations. During the year, except for the middle of summer, the diet should be dominated by plant food in the form of fresh herbs, seeds of various herbs; In summer, birds actively eat insects and shellfish in large quantities. In terms of cellular content, they are unpretentious, but very timid, which must be taken into account when choosing cells: either a wooden cage or the top of the cell has a cloth or plastic mesh. In a cage, a clean, well-dried river sand is poured onto the pallet, which is used by the bird for dry bathing from parasites. A feeder and a water drinker are placed outside so that when swimming in the sand the chicks do not clog the food and water.

In addition to the quail of the ordinary (also called European) , a dumb or Japanese quail inhabits the territory of Russia, which is widespread in Korea, Northern China and Japan. From the Japanese quail, the main breeds were selected by selection. Males weigh 110-120 g, females averages 138 g, in some cases up to 150 g. Laying begins at the age of 40-60 days and for a year can demolish up to 300 eggs or more. The average weight of eggs is 9-11 grams. Are undemanding to a mode of the maintenance and are steady against a number of diseases. In most cases, they breed Japanese quails.

The quail of the Pharaoh breed refers to the meat group of the breeds, the color of the plumage is the same as that of the Japanese quail. The average weight of females is 235 grams, with fluctuations from 160 to 310 g, and males weigh from 160 to 260 g. Females start laying eggs at the age of 40-50 days, and carry 220 eggs per year, with a weight of 12 to 18 grams. This quail breed is used to produce quail-broilers, at the age of 45 days they can reach a live weight of 150-180 g.

The Japanese quail, unlike most breeds, does not lose its characteristic features, is less capricious to the conditions of incubation, maintenance and feeding. Their weight and egg-laying are not so dramatically reduced because of the lack of protein in the diet. In addition, the Japanese are less thermophilic and consume less feed per unit of production.

In appearance, the quail changed during the domestication less than other representatives of the order of chickens. Changes have occurred in egg production and live weight - domestic quails have a living mass of 30% more expressed meat forms, the egg is heavier by 46% than in wild ancestors. But lost the ability to fly, lost the instinct for nesting and hatching eggs, do not gather in flocks after nesting, and most importantly - have lost the winter pause in sexual activity.

Contents of quail.

Before you start a quail, you need to start by preparing the room, cells and equipment. The bird can be kept on the floor or in the cages, but the room must be dry, warm, light and clean. Different designs of stationary quail hens with vygulami are proposed, in principle they do not differ from ordinary hen houses. But there are several nuances that must be taken into account:

Inside the room there should be no hard-to-reach places, t. Quails, especially young animals, like to hammer into all sorts of cracks and other secluded places. The ceiling below 2 m is not desirable, the quail often soar upward at high speed and they need ample space. It is better to pull a small plastic mesh under the ceiling. The floor of the house is covered with sand, peat or shavings. Boxes with a sand-ash mixture for dry bathing are required. The fencing of the house and the paddock are digged into the ground to a depth of at least 30 cm. When entering the premises and in the enclosure, a tambour is arranged, otherwise the quick birds will escape for a moment. The paddock and the room are dim from direct sunlight.

The density of planting is determined from the calculation that an area of at least 15x20 cm is needed per quail. Surplus, like a lack of space, leads to a decrease in egg production.

It is much easier to keep quails in cages, unlike chickens, they feel good in them, they are easier to take care of and select families, you can save a lot of space by installing cells with vertical batteries. At the same time, it is possible to place 200-300 layers in 1 square meter and receive 200-250 eggs daily from this mini-farm.

Cells can be installed in an apartment, a shed, and in summer in the garden. The area of cells is determined from the calculation of 120-150 square meters. Cm for each adult bird. The shape and dimensions of the cage can be very different, but it is better, of course, entirely made of a welded galvanized mesh with a suitable cell size. Such cells in operation are convenient, easy to disinfect and serve longer. The simplest and most convenient is a cell-module made of galvanized rigid mesh. The size of the cells in the drinking bowl and feeder area is about 30 mm. Very convenient multi-section cage-bookcase. You can put it in the apartment or in the house.

Feeders, drinking bowls can be made by yourself, perfectly suited and ready stock for decorative birds. These are vacuum feeders and drinkers, hanging feeders, baths, mini-pods for carrying birds.

What else is desirable to have in stock:

• Psychrometer for monitoring temperature and humidity in the room and in the incubator;
• Bactericidal irradiator - for disinfection of poultry house and inventory;
• Ultraviolet lamp type LUF and infrared halogen type KG;
• Brooder umbrella for young animals;
• Ovoscope for controlling hatching eggs.

The home quail has lost the instinct of incubation, so an incubator is needed. For the output of the quail, you can successfully use chicken dwarf breeds or domestic pigeons, but the incubator is safer. If only two or three chickens are needed, it's easier to buy them on an ad, and not try to get them out of the incubator. This is due to the fact that 3-5 hatched chicks are very difficult to grow. A quail feels calmer when there are a lot of them. If there are several chicks, they will all the time be squeaking, and it will be difficult to save them from stress and death.

A few tips ...

Ü To quail better moved relocation and changing the situation, buy them is recommended at the age of 6-8 weeks. When choosing a bird, inspect the feathers around the cloaca. Listen to the breath, whether there are wheezing and whistling. The bird should not be obese or too thin. A healthy bird has a pale pink skin on the abdomen, while the yellow one speaks of a liver disease. The beak must be dry and without growth. The sick bird is sluggish with disheveled feathers.

Ü A new bird needs to be kept in quarantine for two to three weeks, before letting it into a common enclosure, during the first week a weak solution of potassium permanganate will be well evaporated.

With quails should be treated carefully, it is desirable to go into the poultry house or aviary, and also climb inside the cage, so as not to cause stress in the bird. That's why it is recommended to use automatic feeders and drinkers. Thanks to them you can not disturb the bird for a long time. They are placed either completely outside, or inside, but in any case loaded outside the cage.

To ensure that your pets are regularly carried and well-behaved, it is necessary to observe certain quail conditions. This is, first of all, the temperature and light regime, as well as feeding a balanced, high protein, food. The rest was covered by rather unpretentious birds.

The room in which the quail cells are installed can be with or without windows (with windows undoubtedly better) but with good ventilation ensuring fresh air intake (per 1 kg of live weight of the bird at least 1.5 m³ / h in the cold Time and 5 m³ / h in warm). Such air exchange is simply necessary for intensive metabolism of quails. But while there are no drafts in the room where quails are kept, the quail is especially sensitive to them, one of the first signs of drafts is the fall of feathers in birds. The quails become almost bare, the egg-laying decreases and the death rate increases.

The optimum temperature for good egg laying is 19-20 ° C, fluctuations from 18 ° to 25 ° C are permissible. At temperatures below 16 ° C, the female can stop oviposition. Birds are painfully tolerated by temperature changes, drafts and colds, from crowding may die. But nevertheless, the cases of keeping quails in unheated rooms in winter at a temperature in the cell zone within 5-12 C are described, and quails continue to be carried.

The duration of daylight hours is an important factor in the good egg-laying and viability of quail, and at the same time in lighting the room, but excessive illumination is harmful - in bright light, the bird becomes overexcited and provoked. It is enough to use incandescent lamps 40-50 W or luminescent (LDC-40) for illumination in the cell area. To receive a breeding egg, the light should be on for 17 hours, the regime must be observed - the lighting turns on and off at the same time, this rule applies to all other activities - feeding, collecting eggs, etc.

Humidity In a room containing adult quail, should not be below 55%. Lower humidity for a long time leads to a decrease in appetite and, correspondingly, a decrease in egg production, the feathering becomes brittle, the quail acquires a disheveled appearance. In this case, it is necessary to moisten the air, water the floor and put containers with water for evaporation. Most often, low humidity is in summer or in heavily heated rooms. It is also not advisable to increase the humidity above 75%. The optimum humidity is 60-70% for quails of any age.

A high-quality feeding is necessary for high productivity of quails. Diurnal scales are born very small (up to 6 g), but grow rapidly, and at 2 months of age, they reach the weight of adult birds. The basis for rations for quails are mixed fodders. Since quails have a more intensive metabolism and physiological characteristics, the composition of mixed fodders for quails has its own specifics: it must be balanced, high-caloric and with an optimal degree of grinding.

Energy of the diet is balanced by grain components - corn, wheat, millet, barley. For raw protein - meals, cakes, legumes and fodder of animal origin (meat-bone and fishmeal, dry milk). The need for quails in the protein varies with age.

In 100 g of mixed feed contains: crude protein - 22%, calcium - 2; Phosphorus 1.6 and sodium 0.6%. The opinions of various researchers about the need for quails in raw protein are very divergent. However, it has been established that birds can tolerate protein surpluses or their deficiencies without special, harm in the following ranges: young animals aged between 1 and 30 days require from 23 to 26.7% of crude protein: from 31 to 46 days - 16-26%; Layers - from 20 to 24%.

For feeding of quails, mixed fodders for broilers PK-5 and PK-6 with some additives and feed for youngsters of eggs of egg-bearing breeds of the first age of PK-2 are also used. Feeding quails for adult livestock begins with a 6-week-old age, the transfer to an adult feed should be gradual, within 5-6 days.

In the period of egg laying, the daily feed consumption per head is 22-30 g. Based on this, it is possible to calculate the necessary stock of feeds taking into account the available livestock population. So, for example, with the content of 100 female quails, the daily feed consumption is approximately 2.5-3 kg, therefore, for a month of feed it will take about 90 kg, while during this period the quails will carry 2000-2300 eggs.

It is perfectly acceptable for the feed, consisting of 3 components - corn, alfalfa (vitamin) flour and soybeans in equal parts. This completely provides nutrients to the body of the quails. To compensate for the shortage of animal feeds, it is also possible to use earthworms and larvae of flour flour mushrooms, which reproduce well under artificial conditions. In addition, fresh (not salty) kitchen waste and juicy greens can serve as a good addition, and both can be given to the bird in full.

Mixed fodders are fed both in dry and moistened form. Approximate expenditure per adult bird per day: grains feed - millet, barley or oatmeal - 12 g; Protein - fresh fish, minced meat, cottage cheese - 12 g; Vitamins - carrots, cabbage, lettuce, nettles and other greens - without restriction; Mineral substances - eggshells, chalk - 3g. You can give sunflower or soybean meal or powdered milk (0.5 g per day). As a vitamin supplement, quail is given grated carrots, apples, beetroot. All feed should be crushed, then mix well. Feeding regime of adult birds 2-3 times a day, at one time.

In summer quails are given in unlimited quantity: green herbs, cabbage leaves, beets, clover, alfalfa, nettle, salad, spinach. Quail love the crushed greenery of dandelion, nettle, yarrow, cucumber grass, Jerusalem artichoke. In winter, the bird needs to feed the sprouted greens of oats, millet, wheat, onions, it will be good if you feed them with salad grown in the room or the leaves of Tradescantia. This is one of the few indoor plants that are useful for quail. You can not give tomatoes, potatoes, milkweed, parsley, celery, greens and berries of solanaceous, all buttercup, tansy, sorrel, corn and greens of buckwheat, grain of rye, lupine to quails.

Quail reacts poorly to changes in feed, resulting in the same decline in egg production. The bird reacts even if the feed from one plant, but different shifts in production, you can not count the eggs. Ie until the old mixed fodder has ended, we must already introduce a little new, gradually transferring the birds to it. Quail generally suffer painfully any sharp change - lighting, temperature, diet or time of feeding, sound.

Note…

Ü Quite often in adult quail there is feathering and dropping feathers. The cause of the cracking can be bright light, a lot of crowding or a lack of vitamins. If the fall of the feathers is not associated with moulting or eating disorders, this indicates a poor temperature regime.

Ü The quality of feeding can be judged by the strength of the egg shell and the state of the bird's dung. Normally litter of a dense consistency, dark color with a white touch of uric acid. Liquid droppings of dark green color or with blood inclusions indicate a bird disease or poisoning with table salt. Yellow is a sign of an excess of carbohydrate, and black is probably from an excess of protein. With diarrhea it is useful to give oat or rice decoction instead of water.

The main features of quail feeding can be divided into three periods:

• The first period, at the age from the 1st to the 7th day, the quail is given steeply welded and wiped with the shell quail eggs or chicken eggs. The first is preferable. On the 2nd day of life, cottage cheese is added to the egg feed at a rate of 2 g per bird per day. On the third day you can include chopped fresh herbs in the feed. From the 4th day, reduce the egg feed and increase the amount of cottage cheese. Feed the quail 5 times a day;
• The second period is from the 2nd to the 4th week of life. The basis of feed at this time is a compound feed containing in 100 g not less than 24-26% of crude protein and 280 calories of exchange energy. They are fed 4 times a day;
• The third period is 5-6 weeks of life. At this time, quails are given mixed feed for adult birds, but the level of raw protein is reduced to 15-17%, in order to avoid early puberty, and accelerated start of egg laying, which will subsequently affect the total number and weight of eggs. The total volume of crushed cereals increases the grain feed.

In the feeding troughs, feed should be fed to 2/3 of their depth, as the quail is spreading the feed.

For the incubation of quail eggs, any small-sized household incubator of the Universal, Nasedka, IPH, ILU-F-03 and other systems can be used. The capacity of these incubators is more often indicated by calculating the number of chicken eggs, i. E. It is necessary to provide that quail eggs will come in 4-6 times more than chicken eggs. Regardless of which incubator, industrial or homemade, it must meet certain requirements: the device must maintain the necessary temperature - 37-39 ° C, the egg should be turned over automatically.

To obtain hatching eggs, females are placed together with males in a ratio of 1: 2 - 1: 4 families, the composition of which is completed during selection and does not change. In breeding work, separate content of females and males is also used. In this case, for mating, the female is planted for 10-15 minutes to the male, then after a while it is repeated with another female, etc. The fertilization of eggs is 80% higher than in free mating. In pedigree work, for the maintenance of high fertilization of eggs, females and males are used for 3 months, and then they are discarded, replacing them with young two-month quails.

Hatching eggs should be regular in shape, with a smooth surface, medium pigmentation, weighing 9-11 g. Smaller and larger eggs give the worst result when incubating and rearing young animals. From the quail meat of the pharaoh to the incubator lay eggs weighing 12-16 g. When assessing the quality of the hatching egg, it is desirable to enlighten it on an ovoscope, which is simply made, since up to 30% of the eggs have cracked shells and other flaws. Dirty eggs are not washed - you can destroy the overprofile film and clog the air exchange pores. Prepared for incubation, eggs are stored for no longer than 7 days.

Fresh eggs drown in water at room temperature, old, with a developed air chamber, float. The best young growth is from females aged 2-6 months.

Control the development of the embryo can be done on an ovoscope. At normal development in 9,5 days in the center of an egg the embryo in the form of a dark stain is visible.

On the 17th day of the quail, turning in the egg, peck the shell along the circumference of the egg in its widest part. The conclusion is usually amicable and ends in 4-6 hours, although individual quails from the same batch can hatch and 1-2 days after the main withdrawal. With excessive moisture, the nakale occurs in the dull part of the egg, and the chick can often not itself escape from the shell. If the incubator is too dry, the shells become very durable. The quail destroys the shell with a beak, but can not get out of it. Ie humidity is one of the determinants of successful incubation. On the 15th day of incubation, it is better to transfer the eggs to the discharge chamber. Chicks from the incubator are best tolerated only 10-12 hours after withdrawal, that is, on the 18th day after laying eggs.

From the incubator chicks are placed under a brooder, with a temperature of 37.5 °, it is lowered every 2 days by 2 °, so that by the age of 20 days it falls to room temperature. If the chicks feel uncomfortable, they start to squeak, get bogged down if it's cold, and if everyone comes out from under the brooder, then it's hot for them.

In the first two or three weeks, the light of the chicks burns all the time, then gradually the light day is reduced to 12-16 hours a day.

The food is peppered in the first days four times a day steeply cooked with a wiped egg, with the addition of ground grain mix. From the second day I give the cottage cheese and onion-pen, from the third day - grated carrots, nettles, boiled lean fish, multivitamins and a few drops of fish oil. Mixed feed can be given as dry or slightly moistened. The feeder is applied at a rate of 1.5 cm per head, the drinking bowl is 1 cm. To prevent the quail, from the first day, pour a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate in boiled water, multivitamins at a rate of 1 drop per 2 heads. It is also very useful to serve decoctions of chamomile, calendula, plantain, nettle, dill. A tablespoon of herbs pour 1 liter of boiling water, bring to a boil and a few minutes are tantalized.

Be careful….

Ü From the eighth day, the so-called "hemp" - future feathers - grow out of the quail, and the chicks look dirty and wet, there is a desire to buy them, but this leads to their death. Even if the chick is heavily soiled, it's dangerous to wet it.

Ü Often with non-cellular contents from wet litter and feed on the paws, quails are formed. You can not try to tear them away, if they are withered, they need to be soaked with warm water and only then clean the kogotochki. It is better not to allow, like the squirming, the birds of their own litter. Therefore, it is better to plant the chicks from the first day on the mesh floor.

Ü The quail easily drown in water, so a vacuum drinker is desirable. Under drinkers at this time You can buy in the store special saucers-stand for cans, which are installed inverted glass jars, installed with a gap in the saucer.

Ü Fearful and constantly hiding under paper, inventory, often stuck there. Very timid and jumping! Do not allow to escape from the box. Do not take out the birds on the street without cells, they can not be followed, it is not easy to catch them, but in nature they will die.

Ü It is better to sift the mixed fodder up to a month, if the chicken is still choked with dry food, then you can try to save it by gently pushing the jammed piece of food. In the first two weeks of life, the spit is best fed on pans with plywood with a height of 5 mm.

Ü Do not pussy forcibly ill chicks. If a chick can not drink alone, then it will die in any case.

Ü It is necessary to bathe in the ash-sand quail bath, but not earlier than 45 days from the day.

Ü It happens that the chicks move away from the brooder, they are chilly and, being bored, remain for a long time in a zone with insufficient temperature for them. You can arrange a fence of cardboard or plywood screens in a circle at a distance of 1.25-1.5 m from the edge of the umbrella brooder. In the fenced area, the chicks quickly find food and water, which is also very important. For young animals, ultraviolet and infrared irradiation is very useful.

If the poultry is grown to receive eggs, then from a month old it is possible to transfer it to compound feed for laying hens, this makes the content cheaper. Household quail rushes for 9-11 months, then they are fattened and slaughtered for meat.

The chicks are killed by meat at the age of 4 weeks, when it is already possible to distinguish males from females. Often, that carcasses were more fat condition, the bird is pre-fattened, planted for one or two weeks in a darkened cell and introducing into the diet boiled potatoes.

It turns out ...

Ü Quail embryos develop faster than chickens and pheasants. After 24 hours of incubation, the quail in the egg catches up with the development of a 30-hour chicken. Five-day quail embryos correspond to six-day chicken and week-old pheasant.

• Ü The speed of the quail is twice as high as that of the Peking duck, and three times higher than that of the rabbits. The full cycle from laying eggs to the incubator before the first egg from a young quail is only 40-66 days.
• Ü If the wild quail begins to be carried on the twelfth month, the domestic chicken on the sixth, then the domestic quail is already on the second.
• Ü With good care, individual layers lay two eggs a day.
• Ü Five quails bear the same number of eggs per year as one chicken, but they grow three times faster, and the feed per unit of live weight is required less.
• Ü In Japan, quail for distribution is second only to broilers. A lot of canned food is produced from quail meat. About how popular this bird is, and says that her eggs are sold there even in newsstands.
• Ü Quail eggs are used in the bio-industry. Resistance to leukemia and sarcomatous diseases and the presence of biologically active substances allow fearlessly eating quail eggs in raw form.

List of sources used:

Zadorozhnaya LA Perepelovodstvo. - P27 M: ACT; Donetsk: Stalker, 2005

Mal and roads. / Compound / homestead farm.-2000.- No. 4

Formula for perepelovodstva // Meat sphere / Pticeprom.- 2010. - № 4

Marinchenko Т.Е.