Punctuation analysis of the sentence

Knowledge of the rules of punctuation greatly contributes to the ordering of spelling and the elimination of illiteracy. Punctuation - a science whose priority is the correct formulation of punctuation marks (the term came to Russian from Latin and literally means "point") - is closely related to syntax (the concept comes from the Greek word "military system") - a section of grammar that puts its The task of studying the speech system, parts and components, its components. In the complex it is These disciplines are examined and punctuation analysis is performed.

Following the linguist AA Shakhmatov, modern syntactic scientists recognize the central
Syntactic unit sentence, which is the minimal model in speech communication. It has the form of an intonational-closed syntactic structure that expresses the actual situation or the process of thinking and imagining. Both a simple and a complex sentence are consistent with this definition.

The main object of attention in the syntax of the sentence is its positional components (this includes phrases, word forms at the level of inter-position and intra-position syntactic links, to the formal indicators of which include the presence of unions, inflexions, prepositions). The main principle of the linguistic system is not to complicate unnecessarily the use of punctuation marks (which at the same time facilitates punctuation analysis), but at the same time it takes into account the need to preserve the flexibility of the syntactic system in order to express the semantic nuances and features of the text as fully as possible. Hence inevitably there is a variation in the formulation of punctuation marks. And if we take into account the possibility of an individual-authorial arrangement, the punctuation analysis becomes much more complicated.

To unerringly place a punctuation mark, you must follow certain rules. And for this, in turn, it is necessary to be able to distinguish between independent and service parts of speech (to know the peculiarities of using each of them and basic information on them), to find a predicative center, to have an idea of the secondary members of the sentence, to feel intonational pauses, to understand the difference in expressing emotions Author and allocate them appropriately on the letter. This includes the concept of "punctuation analysis", and also explains the close intertwining and interrelation of syntax, punctuation, morphology.

Punctuation marks that can be used in the text: the dot (expresses the completeness of the thought), the interrogative (contains the question), the exclamation (the method of transmission Special emotions, feelings) signs, dots (in case of understatement, incompleteness), a comma (it is put for the purpose of dividing, separating, separating homogeneous terms, introductory constructions, direct speech, references, separate constructions, parts of a complex sentence), semicolon Mostly for uncomplicated complex sentences), dashes (used in simple and complex sentences, in dialogs, direct speech), a colon (similar to a dash), quotes (inherent to direct speech), parentheses (for reporting additional information).

That is, generalizing the above, it is possible to present an algorithm by which the punctuation analysis of the sentence is performed:

• Denote by the purpose of the utterance, by intonational features.
• Determine the type of proposal: simple or complex.
• Find predicative structures and secondary terms.
• If idle time - characterize from this point of view (two-part / one-part, full / incomplete, widespread / unspoken, complicated or not).

For complex - to identify the type of communication (submission / composition / unconditioned / with different types) and means of its transmission (intonation, union, union or correlative words).

• Explain the usefulness of all the punctuation marks (points, commas, dashes, colon, etc.), both at the end of the sentence and inside its parts.
• Draw a chart.

In this way, you can analyze any proposal.