Project documentation for the construction of the facility. Composition of design estimates

Architecture and construction exist as much as the development of human society. These industries are mutating and experiencing falls and ups depending on the stages and epochs. The need for construction workers, such as designers, architects, technicians, surveyors, is acutely felt until today. All of them are working on the creation of projects for linear, capital construction, consistently applying the norms and technical conditions for the erection of buildings. Project documentation for the construction of the facility provides economical construction, lays in the calculation of the basis of progressive methods.

Regulation of the composition of project documents

About what is included in the set of papers of project documentation, is explained in the "Regulations on the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content."

Resolution No. 87 was adopted in February 2008, almost all information on this issue is contained in the Town Planning Code, in the 48th article.

The customer provides the general designer in accordance with the building order with the initial data on which the development of design documentation for construction takes place. The main data contains urban constraints and conditions, including the project assignment.

Scope of the Regulation

The terms and conditions of the existing document apply if the project documentation for the construction of the facility is being developed:

• Buildings of capital construction of all kinds.
• On separate sections of construction, for example, partial reconstruction, capital and other types of repair of buildings and structures.

Types of objects affected by the Regulations

The paragraphs of the design conditions apply to:

1. Production buildings, which include all buildings for production and defense facilities, are not included in this list of linear objects.
2. The structure of the non-productive sphere, this category includes socio-cultural, housing, household and communal construction projects.
3. Buildings of a linear type, which mean automobile routes, railways, pipelines, power transmission lines, gas mains.

Separation of documentation

In accordance with the provisions of the Regulations, the documentation is divided into:

• Project development;
• Working draft.

Concepts define not the stages of preparation of project documents, they designate different packages of documents. The essence of the separation of the design process at the stage is that the necessary documents are not developed immediately, but in accordance with two stages.

The first stage "P"

The initial stage (stage "P") - the project is adopted in a general objective form without the use of detailed solutions. Choose the type of structure, its placement, design, planning and architectural decisions are determined, the method of erection is laid, the question on technological schemes of construction is closed. At this stage, a summary estimate is made, a general description of the construction object is given.

The specified package of primary documentation is subject to a state examination procedure, where assessments and remarks are made to correct deficiencies. After the adjustment, the project is accepted or rejected by the customer.

The next stage is "RP"

The second stage - "RP" - consists in drawing up a working project, which includes detailed documentation. All general decisions are detailed. The basic drawings adopted at stage "P" are detailed in detail by means of detailed cuts, sketches, explanations to the nodes. At this stage, in accordance with general calculations, local estimates and other detailed documentation are compiled. Documents of the working draft are transferred directly to the builders on the site, papers of the "P" stage are not transferred to the performers.

The working documentation serves for the implementation in the process of repair or construction of innovative and economical technological solutions. There are no instructions in the Regulations on the sequence of development of working drawings and text comment, therefore the composition of the working documentation is determined on the basis of the customer's requirements. The investor or the developer decides which papers will be included in the working project, depending on the required detail of the decisions, this desire is indicated when issuing the task for the implementation of the drawings, taking into account the development and approval of the project documentation.

In the development of documentation in two stages has its advantages, which consists in the fact that in the event of an unsuccessful decision, not all documentation is subject to alteration, but only some of its parts. If the construction or reconstruction of an object involves small volumes, then the two design stages are combined into one common one, when all the issues are solved immediately.

What is included in the final composition of the design estimates?

It includes working and project documentation. This is the main difference from the design stages, when only the working design remains in the final version. Documents are complementary to each other. The project documentation for the construction of the capital group object of the non-production or production category contains papers corresponding to twelve sections:

1. Planning of the organization of construction works on the site.
2. Accepted architectural options for construction.
3. Explanatory note to the draft of the house.
4. Developed volumetric-planning and constructive solutions.
5. Information about engineering networks, equipment, a list of technical measures, justification of technological processes.
6. The developed system of electrical wiring and supply.
7. Drawings of water supply system.
8. Scheme of sewer cleaning device.
9. Heating system, location of heating mains, air conditioning of internal space.
10. Location of the communication system.
11. Gas mains and devices.
12. The technology of production, taking into account the floor plans.
13. PIC (construction project).
14. Description of measures to dismantle the existing structures of the capital group.
15. List of valid measures for the protection of the environment.
16. List of actions to ensure fire safety.
17. Constructional elements of the building to facilitate the movement of disabled people.
18. List of measures for observance of energy efficiency and supply of buildings with devices for accounting for used resources.
19. Estimate total and relevant local for the erection of buildings.
20. Other documentation in special cases.

Initial design data

The representative of the general design department and the customer or developer determine the class of the constructed object and the complexity, depending on these data, the number of design stages is determined. The duration of construction depends on the type, complexity of construction, options for technological and technical solutions, the workforce and mechanisms used.

The initial data includes the limitations and technical conditions stipulated in the Town Planning Code, the construction task according to the customer's requirements, its main indicators and parameters, the cost of construction. The assignment for design and construction is drawn up and approved in the agreement of the investor, the customer and the developer and the representative of the general design department.

The design documentation for the construction of the facility contains a task compiled taking into account the building norms and rules reflected in the SNiP. For the proper conclusion of contracts, general conditions for their conclusion have been developed. The cost of construction is calculated on the basis of state norms and standards. The name of the building site contains information on the type of work (reconstruction, repair, construction) and address location.

These data do not change at all stages of design, the working project contains the same name.

Number of stages of design, depending on the complexity of the object

The complexity of construction affects the choice of the number of stages of design:

• For the buildings of the first and second complexity groups, the design takes place in one stage, called the working project "RP".
• The construction of the non-production sphere requires the development of a draft "EP" project, production and line facilities are represented in the technical and economic calculation of "TEP", for both groups the final stage of "RP" is required.
• For objects assigned to the third category of complexity, the project is developed in two stages - the project "P" and the working documentation "P".
• Three stages are envisaged for the construction of the fourth and fifth groups of complexity, the first includes, depending on the purpose of the building, the stage "EP" or "TEO", then the stages "P" and "P".

Once the "EP", "TEP", "TEO" and "P" stages are approved and approved, they become the basis for the development of subsequent design stages. Sometimes, according to the investor's decision, the stages can change places, and in the beginning the development of the "P" stage follows.

The general designer together with the customer has the right to change the number of stages by means of an agreed decision. To develop separate sections of estimates and project documents, performers who have a certificate for their activities, or in some cases employees without such a certificate, are involved. Both those and others put their signatures under the relevant sections of the project, they are certified by an explanatory note, the sample of which contains explanatory information. The title page is stamped.

Materials of all developed stages are transferred to the investor or developer by the general designer in the form of paper carriers, their number is four copies. If subprojectants are involved in the project, the number of copies increases to five.

A set of working drawings for which work is supposed to be performed directly on the construction site and several identical structures are to be erected is transmitted in four copies to only one object, and the rest is intended for two sets. If the buildings are different, then four buildings are issued for each building.

Engineering and technical calculations, economic and environmental justification, which should not be included in the project package, engineering survey data and surveys conducted are retained by the general designer and are subject to issuance for temporary use at the request of the developer. For this, a contract is concluded containing the terms of the contract.

Objectives of engineering surveys

The engineering survey data is obtained as a result of a special type of work performed before the start of the design of any object in order to study the geological conditions at the site of the proposed construction and nearby areas. The properties of the soil, the moisture content and the depth of its passage are studied, a cut of the soil is made, unfavorable phenomena are revealed.

After carrying out of researches the technical conclusion about suitability of a ground in this district under the planned building is made. To carry out engineering and geological surveys between the customer and a specialized organization, a contract is concluded to determine the suitability of the soil. The availability of a certificate makes it possible to give an informed opinion on the properties of the soil.

The basis of the survey is the legal and regulatory framework, the contractor receives a technical assignment for the work, within which the topographic plan of the terrain for future construction, the building permit, the land plot plan and the house construction plan are transferred. Engineering works include:

• Geological and technogenic control;
• Check the load-bearing capacity of the soil for the installation of foundations and foundations;
• Assessment of the possibility of a critical occurrence of man-made disasters, landslides, earthquakes;
• A written justification for the protection of hazardous areas is prepared;
• The components of the surrounding space are explored;
• Hydrogeological geodetic, geological, cadastral surveys are conducted within the framework of further erection, use or dismantling of structures.

Engineering and technical surveys are conducted both in the field and in the laboratory, aiming at a comprehensive study of the conditions for construction. As a result, information appears after the processed research data. Drawing up estimates in construction involves investing about 5-15% of the cost of engineering research.

Explanatory note: sample filling

The architectural part includes the description of the location of the building object in relation to large settlements, the size of the plot, the shape and orientation of it on the sides of the world, the neighboring streets are indicated. The description of the relief is given, the temperature of the coldest and hottest month is indicated. Writing rainfall, snow load, the prevailing wind direction, the depth of freezing of the soil, vegetation.

The next section - master plan - characterizes the plan of the site, the surrounding of its natural plantations, compliance with hygienic and sanitary standards, removal from the road and the neighboring structure, the location of the entrance. The map shows a wind rose. All functional areas of the site, for example roads, household yard, joint recreation area, arbours, paved areas, architectural elements, etc. are necessarily indicated. Regular garden plantings are noted, existing trees and shrubs are noted.

The description of the house begins with the number of storeys, the description of the roof, the material of the walls and other enclosing structures, the type of frame, vertical and horizontal connections, staircases, and the planning decision. The specification of premises on all designed floors with the indication of the areas of rooms is developed. The number of building entries and exits, methods of emergency evacuation, fire openings are indicated.

The description of interior finishing for all residential, utility and utility rooms with the indication of wall, ceiling and floor covering is given. The mandatory attention is focused on filling the window and doorways.

The exterior decoration characterizes not only the final material, but also the insulation layer, the frame for its fastening, the attention is paid to the finish of the socle.

The structural part contains a description of the frame-volume solution, which elements provide rigidity and joint operation of the elements, the material of the bearing elements and columns is indicated.

In the description of the foundation, the depth of the deposit for various sections, the material of the base body, the reinforcement filling is indicated. The material of external and internal walls, a roof, a floor, overlappings is described.

At the end of the explanatory note, the engineering communications device of all types is prescribed, the material of pipes, adapters, the name of the main lines and the preferred location are indicated.

In conclusion, it should be said that many customers and developers of private houses save money and order the project with the development of an incomplete list of drawings and calculations. In this area of work, savings are obvious, but the subsequent stages, in particular the work of builders on the site, will become a real problem. The contractor will ask the owner of the site questions for which the developer will have to independently look for an answer or order additional drawings for the second time.