Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, the father of Alexander Nevsky. Years of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich

Yaroslav played a big role in the history of our country. His reign was marked by both positive and negative points. We'll talk about all this in this article. Note also that the son of Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, Alexander Nevsky ( his icon is presented below), became famous throughout the country as a great commander, and was also canonized by the church. But today we will not talk about him, but about his father, whose reign was full of events.

So, let's start our story. To begin with, the main dates associated with the name of Yaroslav. He was born in 1191, on February 8. From 1212 to 1238 - the reign of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich in Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. At different times he also reigned in Novgorod (1215, from 1221 to 1223, from 1224 to 1228, from 1230 to 1236). Having captured Torzhok, he ruled there from 1215 to 1216. Yaroslav was the Grand Duke of Kiev from 1236 to 1238. From 1238 to 1246 years. The reign of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich in Vladimir was carried out.

Vsevolod Yuryevich died in 1212. He left Pereyaslavl-Zalessky Yaroslav. Among the sons of Vsevolod, Yuri and Constantine, at once wars began. On the side of Yuri, Yaroslav came out. He twice went to the aid of him with his Pereyaslavlis, in 1213 and 1214, but the matter did not reach the battle.

Arrival of Yaroslav to Novgorod, refusal of the reign

Novgorodians in 1215 invited Yaroslav to their reign. Mstislav Mstislavich Udaloy, who just left this city, left many supporters in Novgorod. Barely appeared, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich ordered to imprison the two boyars. Then he assembled the veche against Yakun Namnezhich. The people began to rob his yard, and boyar Ovstrat and his son were killed by the inhabitants of the Prussian street. Yaroslav did not like this self-will. He did not want to stay in Novgorod any more and went to Torzhok. Here, Yaroslav began to reign, and sent a viceroy to Novgorod. In this case, he followed the example of his father, grandfather and uncle, who left Rostov and established themselves in new cities.

How Yaroslav conquered Novgorod

Soon a chance appeared to constrain Novgorod and subordinate finally to its will: in the autumn, frost broke all the bread in the Novgorod volost, only in Torzhok the harvest was preserved. Yaroslav ordered not to let out from the Lower Land a single grain of bread to help the starving. Novgorodians in such need sent to Yaroslav three boyars in order to return the prince to Novgorod. Jaroslav detained the arrivals. And the hunger was growing, people had to eat linden leaves, pine bark, moss. They gave their children to eternal slavery. The corpses of the deceased were strewn all over the field, along the streets, in trade. They did not have time to eat dogs. Most of the residents simply starved to death, others went in search of a better life in foreign countries.

The emaciated Novgorodians decided to send a posadnik of Yuri Ivanovich with noble people to Yaroslav. They again tried to call the prince to him, but he ordered them to be detained. Yaroslav sent to Novgorod instead of an answer of two of his boyars in order to take out his wife from there. Residents of the city turned to the prince with the last speech. He detained the ambassadors and all the Novgorod guests. The chronicler testifies that there was a cry and sorrow in Novgorod. But Yaroslav Vsevolodovich did not listen to the pleas of the inhabitants. In the photo below - a copy of his helmet. He was lost in 1216 in the Lipitska battle and was found in 1808.

Arrival of Mstislav to Novgorod

Yaroslav's calculation proved to be correct: it was not easy for the city to resist under such difficult circumstances. However, Russia was still strong Mstislav. Mstislav II Udaloy, learning about what is happening in Novgorod, came there in 1216. He grabbed Hotha Grigorievich, Yaroslav's posadnik, rebuffed his nobles and promised not to part with the Novgorodians.

War with Mstislav

Learning about all this, the father of Alexander Nevsky Yaroslav Vsevolodovich began to prepare for war. He ordered to make a site on the way to the river. Tverts. The prince sent 100 people from the residents who seemed loyal to him to Novgorod with the order to rebel against Mstislav and drive him out of the city. But these 100 people, as soon as they arrived in Novgorod, immediately switched sides to Mstislav. Mstislav Udaloy sent a priest to Torzhok to promise the prince peace in case he let the people go. Yaroslav did not like this proposal. The priest sent to him, he dismissed unanswered, and summoned all the Novgorodians detained in Torzhok (more than two thousand) for the city on the field, ordered them to be imprisoned and sent to their cities. And the horses and property were distributed to the squad.

However, this antics turned against the prince himself. The Novgorodians, who stayed in the city, on March 1, 1216, came out together with Mstislav against Yaroslav. Mstislav on the river. Vazuzee joined with Vladimir Ryurikovich Smolensky, his cousin. Despite this, he again sent people to Yaroslav with a proposal of peace, but he again refused. Then Vladimir and Mstislav moved to Tver. They began to burn and seize the village. Yaroslav, learning about this, left Torzhok and headed to Tver. Mstislav did not stop there and began to ruin the Pereyaslavskaya Volost. He proposed to conclude an alliance with him, Constantine of Rostov, who immediately joined with him. To help Yaroslav came the brothers Vladimir, Svyatoslav and Yuri, and with them the whole strength of the land of Suzdal. They summoned everyone, and the villagers, and the townspeople, and if they did not have a horse, they also walked. The Chronicler says that the sons went to their fathers, brother to brother, fathers to children, gentlemen to slaves, and slaves to the master. Vsevolodovichi settled on the river. Kze. Mstislav sent people to Yaroslav, suggesting to release Novorozhtsians and Novgorodians, to return the Novgorod volosts, captured by him, and make peace with them. However, Yaroslav even refused to do so.

The flight of Yaroslav

Self-confident Vsevolodovichi won. Mstislav had to retreat to the river. Lipica. April 21 there was a great battle. With great force, the Novgorodians hit Yaroslav's shelves. The Pereyaslavl fled, and after a while the whole army turned to flight. Yaroslav on the fifth horse ran to Pereyaslavl (four he drove) and shut himself up in this city.

The reprisal of the prince over the Smolensk and Novgorod

The Chronicler notes that the first evil was not enough for him, he was not saturated with human blood. In Pereyaslavl, Nevsky's father, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, ordered all the Smolensk and Novgorod citizens who came to trade in his land to be seized, and to throw them into a close cottage, others into the cellar, where they all died (about 150 people).

Reconciliation with Mstislav and Vladimir

Yuri meanwhile handed over to Vladimir Mstislavich. Here remained Constantine, his brother. Yuri went to Radilov, located on the Volga. However, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich did not want to submit. He decided to lock himself in Pereyaslavl, believing that he would sit out here. Nevertheless, when Constantine and Mstislav went to the city, he became frightened and began to ask them for peace, and then he himself came to his brother Konstantin, asking him not to extradite Vladimir and Mstislav and shelter himself. Constantine still on the road reconciled him with Mstislav. When the princes arrived in Pereyaslavl, Yaroslav gave them and the governor a rich gift. Taking the gifts, Mstislav sent for his daughter, Yaroslav's wife, to the city. Yaroslav repeatedly asked him to return his wife, but Mstislav was unshakable.

Yaroslav returns to Novgorod

Mstislav left Novgorod in 1218 and went to Galich. Once again, the troubles began among the Novgorodians. To stop them, I again had to ask Yaroslav for Yuri Vsevolodovich. The prince was again sent to them in 1221. Novgorodians rejoiced at him, according to the chronicler. When the prince left in his volost in 1223, they bowed to him and begged him to stay. However, Yaroslav did not listen to them and went to Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. Novgorodians in 1224 managed to invite him to their third time. Yaroslav appeared and stayed in Novgorod for about three years, defending this volost from different enemies. In the photo below - Yaroslav Vsevolodovich before Christ with the model of the temple of the Savior.

Fighting the Lithuanians

Lithuanians numbered 7 thousand in 1225 devastated the village, located near Torzhok. They did not reach the city only three versts. Lithuanians killed a lot of merchants and subdued all the Toropets volost. Near Usvyat they were overtaken by Jaroslav Vsevolodovich. He defeated the Lithuanians, interrupted 2,000 people and took away the loot they had stolen. In 1228, Yaroslavl left for Pereyaslavl, leaving his sons in Novgorod. Residents of the city in 1230 again sent for him. The prince immediately arrived, vowed to fulfill all that was promised, but he was still not in Novgorod permanently. His place was occupied by sons Alexander and Fedor.

Conquest of the Germans

Jaroslav in 1234 spoke against the Germans with the Novgorodians and their regiments. He went to Yuryev, located near the city. He let his people fight in the surrounding areas and gather food in them. Part of the Germans made a sortie from Odense, the other from Yuryev, but the Russians beat them. In the battle, some Germans fell, but mostly they died in the river when the ice broke off under them. Taking advantage of the victory, the Russians devastated the land. They destroyed German bread, and this people had to submit. Jaroslav concluded peace with the Germans on terms that are beneficial to him.

Yaroslav's reign in Kiev, new battles

Learning that Mikhail Vsevolodovich was at war with the Galician princes Vasilko and Daniil Romanovich, Yaroslav left his son Alexander in Novgorod in 1236 and set out on a campaign. He took with him noble Novgorodians, a hundred novorozhan, Rostov and Pereyaslav regiments and moved south. Yaroslav ruined the Chernigov volost and became prince in Kiev.

His reign lasted more than a year, but suddenly it became known about the invasion of the Tatars and the devastation of the land of Vladimir-Suzdal. The prince, having left Kiev, hurried to the north, but did not arrive in time. Yuri Vsevolodovich was defeated at the City. He died in battle. Yaroslav, learning about his death, went to reign in Vladimir. He cleansed the corpses of the church, gathered the remaining people and began to dispose of the volosts.

Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich spoke in 1239 against the Lithuanians, who fought near Smolensk. He defeated them, took their prince prisoner, and then planted at the Smolensk prince Vsevolod, who was the son of Mstislav Romanovich. After that, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich returned home with honor and great booty.

Settling relations with Batu

But the most important thing for this prince-settling relations between Russians and Tatars-was still to come. Batu soon after the invasion sent Basques on Rus one Saracen. This man captured all unmarried women and men, beggars, each family, who had 3 sons, took one. The rest of the inhabitants he imposed a tribute, which should be paid fur to every man. If a person could not pay, he was taken into slavery.

Baty his camp spread on the bank of the Volga. Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich went here. According to the chronicler, Batyh received Yaroslav with honor and dismissed him, punishing him to be elder between the Russian princes. That is, he received with Vladimir from the hands of Batu and Kiev, but this had only a symbolic significance after the Tatars ravaged the capital of Russia.

The last years of life and the death of Yaroslav

Constantine returned in 1245 and said that Ugedei demands Yaroslav to himself. He went on a journey and arrived in August 1246 in Mongolia. Here Yaroslav Vsevolodovich Vladimirsky witnessed the accession of the son of Ugedeev Kayuk. In the same year, Yaroslav died. He was called to the mother of the khan, who gave him to drink and eat from his hands, supposedly doing honor. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, Prince Vladimir, was poisoned and died after 7 days. Unfortunately, the reason why they treated the Russian prince was unknown. His body was brought to Russia and buried in the Assumption Cathedral of Vladimir.