Philippines National Organizations

A prominent figure in the Philippine national movement was a patriot, poet and humanist, Dr. Jose Risal. He was born in 1861, a small provincial town and belonged to a wealthy Myssian family.

In 1879, his patriotic poems "Towards the Filipino Youth" found a warm response among the people of the Manila intelligentsia. The persecution of the authorities forced Risal to flee the Philippines. Brilliantly graduating from the University of Madrid in 1882 in the medical and philosophical faculties, Risal perfected himself in the best clinics in Europe and established friendly relations with leading European scientists.

In his articles he opposed racial theories, in the novel "Noli me tanger" (Do not touch me) scourged colonial arbitrariness, greed and the crimes of monks.

Rialal's book was secretly imported to the Philippines, and hundreds of copies of it were sold throughout the country. The Spanish gendarmes tirelessly sought out and caught copies of the book. Priests thundered her from the church chairs. Filipinos passed tens of kilometers to read or listen to excerpts from the novel. The name of Risal has gained wide popularity among the people.

The emigrant colony in Madrid strengthened ties with Spanish liberals. In 1888, the Spanish-Philippine Association was founded and headed by a prominent Spanish liberal professor and Freemason Moraita. A major role in the association was played by Filipino Pilar. At home, he published in the Tagalog language the periodic organ Tegal Diary, in which the colonial orders and the arbitrariness of monastic orders were denounced. The body of the Spanish-Philippine Association El Solidaridad printed articles demanding reforms and representation of the Philippines in the Spanish Cortes. The association was joined by the leading Filipinos: Risal, the brothers Luna, Hayen and many others.

The program proposed by the Spanish-Philippine Association reflected the economic and political demands of the nascent Philippine bourgeoisie, still hoping to achieve reforms from the Spanish government. The program included the requirements of the reform of education, legal proceedings, the introduction of civil registration. In the economic field, she insisted on promoting the development of export crops, conducting railroads and highways, and reorganizing customs tariffs. Filipinos National Organizations ...

These demands were supported by the Spanish liberal bourgeoisie, which was in opposition to Spanish absolutism and the church.

Emigrants were under the great influence of Freemasonry, which contributed to the organization and design of the anticlerical movement and the struggle for reform. In Madrid in 1891, the Philippine Masonic lodge, El Solidaridad, was founded. Several Philippine masons who returned to the Philippines began organizing lodges among the local population. Within half a year, 85 Masonic lodges and triangles appeared in the Philippines. Freemasonry left its imprint 41 and all the then political organizations of the Philippines.

In 1891, Risal published an extension of his novel called "filibusters." The novel was dedicated to the memory of Burgos, Zamora and Gomez. In 1892, Risal returned to his homeland and in July of the same year he founded a secret society in Manila - the Philippine League (the League of Philippe). The program, written by Risalem, required the economic and political unification of the Philippines, protection against violence and injustice, the implementation of the necessary reforms and the development of agriculture, industry and trade.

Philippines National Organizations