Phalanges of fingers. Structure and features

The phalanx of the human limbs consists of three parts: the body is the base, the proximal and distal end, on which the nail tuberosity is located.

Each finger of a man consists of three phalanges, except the thumb (it consists of two). Three phalanges of the fingers are called basic, middle and nail. Phalanges on the toes are shorter than on the fingers. The longest of them is on the middle finger of the hand, the thickest is on the thumb.

The structure of the phalanx of the fingers: an elongated bone, in the middle part having the shape of a half-cylinder. The flat part of it is directed to the side of the palm, convex - on the back side. At the end of the phalanx are articular surfaces.

By modifying the phalanx of the fingers, certain diseases can be diagnosed. The symptom of the drumsticks is the thickening of the terminal phalanx of the fingers and toes. With this symptom, the tips of the fingers resemble a flask, and the nails are watch glass. The muscle tissue that is between the nail plate and bone has a spongy character. Because of this, when pressing on the base of the nail, the impression appears to be a movable plate.

Drum fingers are not an independent disease, but only a consequence of serious internal changes. Such pathologies include diseases of the lungs, liver, heart, GIT, sometimes - diffuse goiter and cystic fibrosis.

Fracture of the phalanx of the finger arises from a direct stroke or injury and is more often open. It is also diaphyseal, periarticular or intraarticular. Fracture of the nail phalanx is usually fragmentation.

The clinical picture of the fracture is characterized by pain, swelling and restriction of the function of the finger. If there is an internal displacement, then a deformation is noticeable. If there is no bias, a bruise or tension can be diagnosed. In any case, it is necessary to conduct an X-ray examination for the final diagnosis.

Treatment of the fracture of the phalanx of the fingers without displacement is carried out by gypsum or an aluminum tire, which is applied when the nail phalanx is bent to 150, the middle - to 600, the main - to 500. Wear a bandage or a tire for 3 weeks. After the removal of the material, therapeutic gymnastics with physiotherapy facilities is performed. A month later the working capacity of the phalanx is fully restored.

In fractures of phalanges with displacement, the fragments are compared under local anesthesia. After this, a gypsum or metal tire is applied for 3-4 weeks. In case of fractures of the nail phalanges, the finger is immobilized with a sticky plaster or with a circular plaster bandage.

Phalanges of the toes often suffer from dislocations in the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. Dislocations are directed to the rear of the foot, the sole and to the side.

This problem is diagnosed by characteristic deformation, shortening of the finger or restriction of its movement.

The greatest number of dislocations falls on the phalanx of the first finger, its distal part. In the second place are the dislocations of the fourth finger. Middle fingers suffer much less often because of their location in the center of the foot. In the direction of dislocation, they are usually observed in the rear and side. Adjust the dislocation before the development of edema. If the swelling has already formed, it is much more difficult to insert the phalanx into the joint.

Closed sprains correct after local anesthesia. If it is difficult to correct by the usual method, then use the introduction of the needle through the distal phalanx or the use of the heron. The procedure is simple and safe. Then draw for a damaged finger along the length and counterweight (which the assistant does) for the ankle joint. Pressing the base of the biased towards the phalanx, the dislocation is directed.

With long-lasting dislocations, surgical intervention is necessary.