The modern place of man in the system of the organic world

Scientists call anthropogenesis the period from the time of the appearance in East Africa of the first ancestral forms of man (about 1.7 million years ago) and up to the present time, and also try to determine the place of man in the system of the organic world. The result of this study was the creation of a whole group of scientific disciplines: anthropology, social psychology, socionics, which treat man as an object of the animal world, taking into account that he is a completely unique being of spiritual nature. In this article we will answer the question, what is the place of man in the system of the organic world, taking into account his duality, consisting in combining features of physical and subtle material.

Systematic position of Homo sapiens

All living beings that live on our planet have a strictly defined position in the classification system of nature. Let us consider what is the place of man in the system of the organic world.

The empire is the dominant systematic category. It is called Life. Then follows such a taxon as the domain (nadtsarstvo). Life includes two super-kingdoms: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. A person enters the domain of Eukaryotes (Nuclear organisms). Then follows the kingdom of Animals, the Chordov type, the class Mammals, the infra-placenta, the order Primates, the family Hominids, the genus People, the species Homo sapiens. All living individuals in the above-mentioned taxonomic units form an aggregate, called humanity.

How to prove the animal origin of man

Studies conducted by systematic scientists confirmed that the place of man in the system of the organic world is the class Mammals, which also includes such animal taxa as the Cat family, Dogs, Bats, Rodents, Artiodactyls, etc. Despite the external differences in Structure, all representatives of placental mammals, which includes a person, have common anatomical and physiological features. These include the 4-chamber heart, two circles of blood circulation, warm-bloodedness. The general outline of the structure of the anterior and hind limbs, as well as their belts, in all animals of the given taxon is analogous to the anatomical structure of man. For example, the upper limb in all mammals consists of the shoulder, elbow and radius bones, as well as the bones of the wrist, pastern and phalanges of the fingers.

Reactions of a metabolism are similar enough at the person and placental mammals. For example, the splitting of organic compounds under the action of digestive enzymes, the transfer of oxygen by erythrocytes, the formation of uric acid as the final product of the excretory system. Common mechanisms are the neuro-humoral regulation of life. This is confirmed by the fact that a person in the system of the organic world is closely connected with representatives of vertebrates included in the class Mammals.

Embryological evidence of animal nature of man

Not only the results of research in the field of anatomy and physiology prove that we have a common origin with the animal world. A serious confirmation of this fact is research in the field of embryology, which studies the embryonic development of vertebrates, from the superclass of Pisces and ending with the class Mammals. The biogenetic law, formulated by E. Haeckel and F. Müller, combined the historical development of each species with the ontogenesis of a single individual. All vertebrate animals, including humans, pass through the embryogenesis of the egg stage, a single-layered embryo-a blastula and a two-layered embryo, consisting of ectoderm and endoderm-gastrula.

In the early stages of development, all chordates without embryos have gill slits, a tail and a similar body shape. This is proof that the place of man in the organic world is next to the animals. Moreover, many scientists believe that all terrestrial vertebrates originated from common ancestral forms.

Rudiments and Atavisms

With the help of such a discipline as comparative anatomy, you determine the place of man in the system of the organic world, since in the structure of the body and individual organs in mammals one can see a clear connection. For example, an appendix is a rudiment confirming that the common ancestors for us were herbivorous animals. And although it has lost its importance in human digestion, it continues to play an important role in the cleavage of fiber in artiodactyl and other herbivorous animals. Such a rudiment, like the third eyelid, which does not perform any function in the human organ of vision, plays an important role in vertebrate class Reptiles, for example, in snakes.

The ear muscles are rudimentary in the person, therefore the auricle is practically immobile. But in the order of the predatory squad, this group of muscles is developed particularly well, which provides them with protection and orientation in the surrounding environment.

Atavisms: the appearance of the tail, the multifuseness, the abundant development of the hairline on the face and other parts of the body - indicate the place of man in the system of the organic world, taking into account his animal origin.

Anatomical features associated with walking

The phenomenon of the vertical position of the body led to the appearance of certain features in the anatomical structure of the human body. For example, the S-shaped form of the spine, which increases flexibility and softens shocks and shakes during walking and running, the cup-shaped shape of the pelvis, which houses internal organs, a special structure of the foot - it has a cushion that provides cushioning and protection of the lower extremities when walking. All of the above characteristics are inherent only in humans and do not occur in any species of animals. This indicates a particular modern place of man in the system of the organic world, which separates him from other representatives of the kingdom of animals.

Social factors of human evolution

Rowing played an important role in the formation of the human individual. The upper limb, the arm, was freed from the functions of movement and began to be used for performing delicate and complex operations: writing, labor, playing musical instruments, etc. The ability to extract and use fire both for protection and for cooking thermally processed food finally Separated representatives of the species Homo sapiens from other animals and designated the exceptional place of man in the system of the organic world.

Development of thinking and speech

The use of artificially created tools and life in primitive communities led to the formation of a qualitatively different signal system, different from the "language of animals." The complication of interneuronal contacts in the left hemisphere and the frontal lobe (the Wernicke and Broca zones) provided for the activation of the areas of understanding and motor skills of speech. Ability to complex mental operations: analysis, synthesis, abstraction - was the result of human evolution - anthropogenesis. He led to the formation of a modern biological species Homo sapiens.

Anthropogenesis and the dual nature of man

Being a part of living nature and submitting to its evolutionary development, human society as a whole, as well as every single individual of it, is a reflection of its social relations, formed as a result of historical and religious-cultural features of various human populations. Such a scientific discipline as sociobiology, which is, in fact, a compilation of genetics, sociology, biology, and psychology, attempts to link the postulates of natural selection acting in animate nature to such purely human phenomena as altruism and culture. They are the dominant in the behavioral reactions of man and cause its radical difference from the reflexes and instincts of animals.

Mankind and its social model

Objectively assessing the role of the biological component in human evolution, and also considering the close relationship with wildlife, it must be remembered that all the above facts prove that the biological species of Homo sapiens throughout the anthropogenesis was formed according to the laws of the development of human society, which are studied by sociology, social science, psychology . The connection of man with the animal world is clearly traced by such a science as biology. The place of man in the system of the organic world is unique, since it is he who is a dual being.

This is evidenced by all the known spiritual and philosophical theories that emerged in ancient Babylon, Greece and the Roman Empire. They were transformed and formed as ideas of the main religions of the world: Judaism, Christianity, Islam and Buddhism. The largest centers of world civilizations arose on the basis of socio-economic relations. Thanks to them, a special form of life on Earth, called humanity, emerged and formed.