Pediculosis - what is it? Prevention of pediculosis. Means for pediculosis: reviews

Pediculosis. Everyone knows what it is, especially parents, whose children attend children's groups. This disease is caused by lice that parasitize the scalp. Historians show that the first lice appeared more than 10,000 years ago.

Relevance of the problem

Despite the increase in the material well-being of people and the improvement of socio-economic conditions, infection with pediculosis is growing all over the world. In many parts of the United States, the defeat turns into an epidemic. 5% of people have pediculosis. What it is, how it manifests itself, what is triggered, and, most importantly, how to deal with it, everyone should know. This disease of the scalp is characterized by the fact that the head lice begin to live and actively reproduce on the skin (Pediculus capitis). There are also pubic and ward pediculosis, which affects people who neglect personal hygiene and are indiscriminate in sexual partners. Most pediculosis is common in asocial individuals or in people who have come from disadvantaged areas, as well as in areas where there is no active fight against pediculosis. It should be noted that damage to lice can occur in any person with close contact with the diseased.

The danger of maternity lice is that this type of lice is a carrier of trench fever and typhus.

How does the infection occur?

The head louse is a parasite that gets on the scalp with close contact or use of combs, headdresses or when using pillows or bedding together. These lice easily creep from one hair cover to the other, especially if the hair is straight. It is noticed that in African-Americans or Africans due to the structure of the hair, pediculosis is rarely detected.

Why does pediculosis occur? What is it - lice, nits? An adult does not know how to fly and jump. She can only crawl. Creeping from the scalp to the scalp, it begins to multiply actively. It should be noted that head lice can live on the eyebrows, eyelashes, mustache and beard. Nits are eggs that are laid off by a mature individual. By means of chitin - a sticky substance - they are glued to the hair shaft and are clearly visible on dark hair near the roots.

The algorithm of pediculosis

The head louse lives for about 30 days. For a day, she can lay more than 10 eggs. For 7-10 days, nits mature and turn into nymphs - immature individuals. After 7-9 days, this stage of maturation passes into the formation of the adult.

Symptoms of pediculosis

The individual is difficult to determine when looking at the head, because it is colorless. Only after she gets drunk with blood, her color changes from red to reddish-brown. Itching is the first symptom that can alert, although it intensifies 2-3 weeks after the initial infection. The occurrence of itching is explained by the fact that when biting a louse with saliva, it emits special substances, which, getting into the wound, irritate the skin.

The favorite habitats of pubic lice are the occipital, temporal region, the skin near the ears. Constant scratching can lead to the attachment of a secondary infection and the occurrence of pustular skin lesions. In the absence of treatment, the hair sticks together, the scalp becomes covered with suppurative excoriation, lymph nodes can inflame and the body temperature may rise.

Diagnostics

Detection of nits and mature individuals is possible with a careful examination of the scalp of the child using a lamp, a magnifying glass and a comb with frequent teeth. When crushing a louse, a click occurs, which is not characteristic of other parasites. Even one identified individual suggests that there is pediculosis.

What is an inactive infection? Such a diagnosis is made when only nits are found that can be confused with dandruff. The difference is that dandruff is easy to comb out, and the eggs are glued to the hair shaft tightly, and it's so easy not to separate them.

To inspect the child's scalp, if he visits a children's team, it is necessary every week.

Treatment of pediculosis

This defeat can be treated at home.

Currently, pharmacies can buy a lot of medicines: sprays, shampoos for the treatment of pediculosis. Their main active substances are:

• malathion;

• pyrethrin;

• permethrin;

• Fenotrin.

An effective remedy for pediculosis is Nittifor, Lauri's liquid, Veda shampoo. Some dermatologists advise sulfuric mercury ointment, but it has a specific effect on pubic lice and is contraindicated in skin lesions with strong combs. "MediFox" and "Super MediFox" are the safest means of pediculosis. Feedback from parents who used these drugs, say that these substances do not irritate the skin, especially the affected areas.

Contraindicated for the treatment of insecticides, designed to remove bedbugs, flies and cockroaches. These are toxic substances that can cause poisoning of a child, a pregnant woman and a nursing mother. It is not recommended to use kerosene and crockery because they have high toxicity.

It is necessary to know that removal of adults is not enough to completely cure lice. Preparations of various firms kill only adult insects, but do not affect nits.

Processing Rules

Before anti-pediculosis treatment it is necessary to wash the head with shampoo and dry it. After that, using a cotton swab, 20 to 50 ml of medicinal substance are applied to the hair, depending on the length of the hair. After that, the product treats the scalp. If the product is released in the form of a spray, the treatment is simplified.

The head is wrapped in a film and left for 40-45 minutes, after which it is necessary to rinse everything with warm water and shampoo.

Dermatologists warn that all modern recommended remedies do not give a guarantee of getting rid of the disease of pediculosis; It is such a defeat by the simplest, which at once can not be cured by medicinal preparations. Repeated treatment should be carried out after 7-10 days.

Destroying the nits

The simplest method of destroying nits is to completely shave off the scalp. But for a child attending a children's team, this can be a great psychological trauma. The usual combing of nits can not be removed, since they are tightly attached to the hair, so before handling it is necessary to apply vegetable oil or vinegar to the hair. You can comb, moistening the comb in these substances, and very carefully sorting through each strand of hair.

Preliminarily, the shoulders of the child are covered with a light towel and light paper is placed under the feet to monitor the effectiveness of combing. Good lighting is necessary for thorough processing.

The method of combing with air conditioning is suitable for all children, pregnant and lactating, since it has no toxic effect. The main effect of the hair conditioner is the obstruction of the holes in the body of the lice and the cessation of breathing. In this case, combed and nits, and nymphs, and lice.

Prevention of pediculosis

The order "Prevention of pediculosis" was approved in the Russian Federation on 26.11.1988. It provides for the examination of children who visit or live in children's institutions on a weekly basis; Incoming to educational institutions and after an absence of more than 7 days - once. Adults are examined during regular medical check-up, periodic medical check-ups and at admission to pre-trial detention centers and night-stay places.

Planned activities include:

- regular examinations of the population for the purpose of revealing a pediculosis;

- a sufficient amount of personal hygiene products, replacement bed linen, disinfectants and detergents;

- equipping the health facilities of the dispensary-distributors, night-stay houses, the establishment of social security, pre-trial detention centers, temporary accommodation of migrants, sanitation facilities, baths with disinfection equipment and the necessary means.

The main measure of prevention of pediculosis - personal hygiene, especially regular washing of the head. Children attending children's groups need to inspect their hair every week.

It is necessary to explain to children that one should not use someone else's comb, wear someone else's headgear and communicate with stray animals. In the shower there must be a comb for combing out the hair, which is washed with warm water and soap.

When detecting pediculosis, especially dressing and pubic lice, the patient's clothing should be treated in a disinfecting chamber, and with head lice - to treat and comb the lice and nits or shave the hair covering.