Spondyloepiphysar dysplasia of upper and lower extremities: causes and characteristics of treatment

Recently, the incidence of spondyloepiphysial dysplasia has become more frequent. This is a combination of diseases that disrupt the growth of bone tissue in the human body. Spondyloepiphisal dysplasia is detected during X-ray studies and is divided into three main groups:

• Plastiospondylia of generalized form.
• Epiphysis dysplasia of multiple forms.
• Dysplasia is epiphyseal-metaphyseal.

Features of the disease

People with this disease have compacted vertebrae, which take an irregular shape. It can be found on the roentgenogram. Spondyloepiphysial dysplasia may appear due to some pathologies of the spine of the acquired form. Therefore, in order to identify the disease, it is necessary to compare several X-ray images that were taken at different ages.

The main symptom of the disease is a decrease in the length of the limb (arms and legs). This leads to a disproportionate size of the shoulder and hip. Spondyloepiphisal dysplasia does not affect the foot and hand, so they have a normal size. Sometimes there is a deformation of the feet.

Symptoms of dysplasia

The disease can be detected by the following symptoms:

• The neck stops growing and becomes short.
• The mobility of the spine decreases.
• There is an infringement of the brain (spinal cord).
• Compression of roots of nerve endings.
• The kyphosis develops.
• The chest is barrel shaped.
• A cleft in the sky.
• Myopia of pronounced form.

These pathologies eventually provoke some changes. These include:

• Curvature of the spine.
• A lordosis of the expressed form.
• Deformation of the knee joint of the varus or valgus.

There may also occur myopia with a high predisposition to changes in the retina of the degenerative form.

Causes of dysplasia of spondyloepiphysis

The main factor is the genetic predisposition, according to which spondyloepiphysic limb dysplasia appears. The reasons can be different. These include:

• Genetic.
• Hereditary.
• Incorrect workload on the body.

If spondyloepiphysic dysplasia of the upper and lower extremities appeared at an early age, this was due to an incorrectly distributed load on the skeleton of the body. If it was noticed at the initial stages, then there are good chances for its elimination.

The diagnosis will never be based on a single picture with altered vertebrae, because they can talk about the presence of other diseases of the spine. The decision is made on the basis of several pictures that have been made for a long time at different ages. Only so doctors can fully see the picture of the disease.

Diagnosis of dysplasia

The earlier the spondyloepiphysic dysplasia of the upper and lower extremities was detected, the higher the probability of curing it.

Diagnostics doctors carry out in several ways.

These include:

• Survey of the patient by doctors (neonatologist, orthopedist and surgeon).
• Radiography of the joints of the hands and feet.
• Ultrasound (ultrasound examination).
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).

These methods of detection are considered the most informative. They help specialists to see the disease completely and not to make mistakes when making a diagnosis.

If spondyloepiphysial dysplasia is detected in infancy, the child has a nearly 90% chance of recovering.

Treatment of the disease

Spondyloepiphysar dysplasia of the extremities is treated in many ways. They depend on the stage of the disease and age.

In newborns and infants, treatment is carried out with the help of special orthopedic devices. They strengthen and fix the joints and fix the ligaments. This allows you to achieve a fixation, which prevents their deformation.

Sometimes it happens that the treatment in this way does not bring the desired result, then the child under general anesthesia is corrected with dislocations and impose plaster bandages for fixing.

If the patient has a difficult case, then surgical intervention is necessary. It is also used when a child reaches 2-3 years of age. After the operation and with a mild manifestation of the disease it is necessary to exercise exercise therapy regularly (Physiotherapy exercises) and wear special restraints and corsets.

The most effective treatment is carried out in the complex. Doctors recommend exercise therapy combined with special massages.

Important: people older than 20 years with a diagnosis of "spondyloepiphytic dysplasia" is strictly prohibited from constantly loading the body and bone apparatus.

Life expectancy and further prognosis

When spondyloepiphysic dysplasia of the upper and lower extremities was identified and cured in a timely manner, the prognosis for a further life is favorable. If the disease is found late, then repetitions of the disease (relapses) may occur periodically.

Infants in adulthood (8-18 years old) may have inflammation in the cartilaginous tissues of the joints, and this, in turn, will significantly complicate the treatment, and the chances of getting rid of the disease will be very small.

If the treatment has given results and the person has got rid of the disease, then he can lead an absolutely normal way of life. If the disease has cured the child, then it will continue to grow and develop without visual and internal pathologies and abnormalities.

Preventive measures

Spondyloepiphysar dysplasia of the extremities is most often an innate disease, the development of which is almost impossible to predict. Therefore, it is impossible to apply preventive measures.

In order to avoid the appearance of disease in a newborn and an infant, it is necessary to limit the burden on his skeleton and body. To do this, you need to monitor his position and do not sit down before the time.

To reduce the chances of the emergence and development of the disease to people who are predisposed to its appearance, you should not choose a job that will have to remain in one position for a long time.