Pedagogy - what is it? The concept of "pedagogy." Professional Pedagogy

Education as a special area of human activity is studied by pedagogy. What is pedagogy, how it originated, and what definition can it give?

Etymology

This term has a very interesting origin. In ancient Greece, accompanying the slave of his master's children to school had a definite name - pedagogy. What is the meaning behind this? Simply in the language of the ancient Greeks, the word "child" sounded like "paidos", and the verb "to lead" was pronounced as "ago". So it turned out that the "slave-teacher" was called "paidogogos".

With the passage of time, the meaning of the word "pedagogy" has changed. What is pedagogy today? In the ordinary sense it is the same accompaniment of the child, the student, only the scale of such parting activities is different. A teacher is one who accompanies a child in life.

From the history of pedagogy. Western School

Still other famous philosophers talked about how to teach. For example, Immanuel Kant, who lived in the 18th century, believed that the socialization of the individual in the learning process is the main tool that helps to create an educated personality able to live in a civilized society and to benefit humanity.

Such reflections can be considered advanced for their time, because until the XIX century education was closely associated with religion. Literate people at that time were mostly confessors, servants of churches and monasteries, who were engaged in pedagogical activities on par with theological.

Great changes in the Western school of pedagogy underwent in the early XX century. Education gradually began to depart from the dogmatic canons of religiosity and became an indispensable attribute of an independent and wealthy person. In the middle of the last century, reforms of the education system swept through Western Europe and America. The result was the construction of a new system, more humane and oriented at the same time and the interests of each individual student, and the needs of the entire human society.

Pedagogy in Russia

Education in Kievan Rus also remained associated with religion. Moreover, the main goal of literacy at that time was to train new clergymen, people who could preach and carry the word of God to the masses.

However, they taught reading and writing to children. In the Middle Ages, these were mainly the offspring of rich and powerful parents. But slowly, gradually the formation went to the masses.

The professional training of teachers began in the XVIII century. Teacher's seminaries and institutes were opened, and this recognized the importance of education in the life of Russian society and pedagogy as a science.

Only in the times of the USSR, in the 30s of the last century, education became mandatory. Young children from the age of 7 had to go through all the levels of schooling in order to become literate and intelligent personalities as a result.

But let's conclude our brief historical digression and turn to the theory of pedagogy.

Science pedagogy

What is pedagogy as a science? To date, its definitions are a great many. However, the shortest and most capacious can be considered the following: pedagogy is the science of education.

How else determine this concept? Pedagogy is the science of transferring experience from the older generation to the young, and also about the students' active learning of the knowledge communicated to them. As you can see, the orientation of pedagogical activity appears in this definition: it is committed by the teacher and is perceived by his students.

Pedagogy is also a science of teaching, upbringing and education, as well as self-education, self-education and self-education. This definition indicates the processes that accompany this discipline as an activity. In this case, the emphasis is also on the fact that the concept of "pedagogy" involves participation in the process of two sides: the one who teaches and the one who learns.

What does this science study? Let's talk about her characteristic attributes.

Subject and object of pedagogy

Any science has its own object and object. And pedagogy, of course, is no exception. So, the subject of pedagogy is the formation of the personality of the student and his development, which occur during training. The object of pedagogy is the process of educating students. It is thus defined as the transmission of life experience from the older generation to the younger.

There is an erroneous judgment that the object of pedagogy is a student, since the instructor's activity is directed at him. This is not true. In the process of mastering knowledge, the individual does not change, changes occur at the level of subtle matter - the person's personality. And so the activity of a psychologist often turns out to be related to pedagogy, and every good teacher is in fact a bit of a psychologist in his soul.

Functions of pedagogy as a science

Like any science, pedagogy has its functions. Conventionally, they can be divided into theoretical and practical.

The theoretical functions of pedagogy are:

• The study of the knowledge accumulated over the centuries of the existence of mankind on pedagogy, as well as the development of the latest advanced developments in the field of education;
• Diagnostics of existing pedagogical situations and phenomena, determination of the causes of their occurrence and development;
• Drawing up a clear plan of action aimed at transforming the existing pedagogical situation and improving it.

Practical functions:

• Development of methodological manuals, plans, guidelines intended for teachers;
• Introduction of up-to-date training in educational practice;
• Evaluation and analysis of the results of pedagogical activity.

What is the pedagogical activity?

The work of a teacher, a mentor in the education of the child's personality, is basic. Pedagogy, of course, takes into account the family situation and secures the support of the child's parents. However, the main teaching and educational work is still done by the teacher. What is pedagogical activity and what definition can it give?

Pedagogical activity is the practice of transferring to students the social experience accumulated by mankind, as well as the formation of favorable conditions for the development of the child's personality. It is not necessarily done by a school teacher or a university teacher. Indeed, professional pedagogy provides for a teacher's profile education. However, if we remember a parent who teaches his children, we will understand that his actions can also be attributed to pedagogical activity. After all, he passes on his experience to the younger generation and thereby changes the personality of the children.

What distinguishes directional pedagogical activity from any other is the existence of a clearly defined goal. And this goal is upbringing.

What are the directions of teacher's work?

Pedagogical activity is not an abstract concept. It is divided into several separate species, each of which has its own practical content and purpose. So, each teacher analyzes the educational process and studies the theoretical foundations of his profession. In addition, the teacher, in the course of pedagogical interaction, learns the characteristics of the personality of his students. Such an activity is called cognitive, or gnostic.

The teacher is engaged in designing. He develops new methods and training programs, prepares for lessons in a form different from the standard ones. The teacher analyzes the tasks that the education system puts before him, and on their basis finds adequate solutions. The teacher conducts organizational activities. This means that under his guidance the students perform certain pedagogical tasks. Communicative activity, also carried out by the teacher, consists in his ability to build a dialogue both with the students themselves and with their parents, as well as with the administration and colleagues.

There is a separate direction of the teacher's activity - correctional pedagogy. What is it? Correctional pedagogy is a developing and teaching sessions with children with special psychophysical development, which are conducted under special programs. Such activities are usually carried out by teachers who have received appropriate educational training.

Teacher: what is he like?

Educating a person's personality is a hard and responsible job. Pedagogy nevertheless in our time increasingly depreciates. However, professionals motivated to achieve success still meet, work in their place and really sow "reasonable, good, eternal".

What should be a successful teacher? What are the qualities of a psychic organization that distinguish it? In fact, the character traits of the teacher are largely determined by the specifics of his work. But at the same time, as a profession of a teacher characterized by a clearly directed activity, no less clear demands are placed on the future teacher. So, the teacher should be ready for teaching. This readiness is reflected in his theoretical knowledge and practical skills and abilities, and also has physical and psychological components. The teacher should be ready for stress, be able to resist them. In addition, the teacher needs strong health and considerable endurance in order to work with a large number of students.

The teacher must constantly learn, try to improve his intellectual development and teaching skills. In the work, he should use innovative forms of organization of the educational process. At the same time, an obligatory condition for successful pedagogical activity is the love of children and the readiness to transfer to them not only their knowledge, but also a part of their own soul.

Where can I get a teacher's profession?

There are a lot of pedagogical universities, practically in every more or less large city there is one. In addition, many universities have departments or faculties of pedagogy. For example, there is a faculty of pedagogy at Moscow State University, one of the oldest universities in Russia. And in the prestigious university of the Republic of Belarus - BSU - the department of pedagogy works.

In addition, in Russia and throughout the territory of the post-Soviet space in recent decades, opened a huge number of commercial higher education institutions. Education in many of them is prestigious, and entering into some is much more difficult than in public universities. This is the leading commercial university of pedagogical orientation in Moscow, which will be discussed below.

Institute of Psychology and Pedagogy

This educational institution grew out of the scientific and practical center "Correction". In 1990, the institution was named "Institute of Psychology and Pedagogy".

To date, there are six psychological and pedagogical specialties, and the forms of education remain traditional: day, part-time and evening. In addition, university teachers prepare applicants for admission to the institute on Sunday courses and classes in intensive educational programs.

The students of this institute are studying for 5-6 years, the term of training depends on the form of education and faculty they have chosen.

Concluding remarks

There is a special, noble and high mission of man. It consists in professional activity, and this activity is pedagogical. Pedagogy is not just a science or an industry of professional theory and practice. It is also a calling that needs to be met. That is why people who can be called teachers, professionals with a capital letter, are worthy of respect.