Education, The science
Comparison of plant and animal cells: main features of similarity and differences
The article will compare the plant and animal cells. These structures, despite the unity of origin, have significant differences.
General plan of cell structure
Considering the comparison of plant and animal cells, it is first of all necessary to recall the basic laws of their development and structure. They have common features of structure, and consist of surface structures, cytoplasm and permanent structures - organelles. As a result of their vital functions, organic substances are stored in reserve, called inclusions. New cells arise as a result of the division of the maternal. In the course of this process, two or more young structures can form from one source, which is an exact genetic copy of the original ones. Cells, unified by the features of the structure and the functions performed, are combined into tissues. It is from these structures that the formation of organs and their systems takes place.
Comparison of plant and animal cells: table
On the table, you can easily see all the similarities and differences in the cells of both categories.
| Symptoms for comparison | Plant cell | Animal Cell |
| Features of the cell wall | It consists of cellulose polysaccharide. | It is a glycocalyx-thin layer, consisting of protein compounds with carbohydrates and lipids. |
| The presence of the cell center | It is found only in the cells of the lower algae plants. | It is found in all cells. |
| Presence and location of the kernel | The core is in the near-wall zone. | The nucleus is located in the center of the cell. |
| The presence of plastids | The presence of plastids of three types: chloro-, chromo- and leukoplasts. | None. |
| The ability to photosynthesize | Occurs on the inner surface of chloroplasts. | Not capable. |
| Method of nutrition | Autotrophic. | Heterotrophic. |
| Vacuoles | They are large cavities filled with cell sap. | Digestive and contractile vacuoles. |
| Replacement carbohydrate | Starch. | Glycogen. |
Main differences
Comparison of plant and animal cells indicates a number of differences in the features of their structure, and hence the processes of life. So, despite the unity of the general plan, their surface apparatus is distinguished by its chemical composition. Cellulose, which is part of the cell wall of plants, gives them a permanent shape. The glycocalyx of animals, on the contrary, is a thin elastic layer. However, the most important difference in principle between these cells and the organisms that they form is the way they feed. Plants have green plastids of chloroplasts in the cytoplasm. On their inner surface there is a complex chemical reaction of the transformation of water and carbon dioxide into monosaccharides. This process is possible only in the presence of sunlight and is called photosynthesis. The by-product of the reaction is oxygen.
conclusions
So, we compared the plant and animal cells, their similarities and differences. Common are the plan of structure, chemical processes and composition, division and genetic code. At the same time, plant and animal cells are fundamentally different in the way they feed the organisms that they form.
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