Particles. Strong interaction

It is known that in order for any material object to change its movement, a vector of force must be applied to it from the outside. In everyday life, each of us is faced with a huge number of different forces: for example, thanks to the forces of friction and gravity, we can move around the surface of the planet, etc. As it was proved, despite the apparent diversity, all these forces are based on interatomic phenomena.

Types of interaction

Raise your hands and clap your hands. What happens in this case? Obviously: there is a sound of cotton. But this is only partly true, since such an explanation does not take into account the atomic structure of matter and the processes taking place in the microcosm. Indeed, it is possible to describe the impact force and see the effect in the form of reddening of the palms, but these are obvious manifestations of the macrocosm habitual to us. In fact, there was no direct contact between the surfaces of the palms. Since the charged particles of the same name are repelled, the electron shells around the atomic nuclei are simply pushed away from each other. This is one of the examples of interaction, which is based on electromagnetic forces.

But the gravitational interaction, recorded between objects with large masses (planets, etc.), forms the force of gravity. At present, it is believed that the energy transfer in this case is carried out by gravitons.

Perhaps one of the most interesting is the strong interaction. The name itself indicates the colossal energies involved in the processes. Sometimes we can find the term "quantum chromodynamics" - this is the second name for the theory, in which strong interaction is considered.

The new force

According to the simplified model of the atom, there is a massive nucleus in its center around which electrons rotate around their orbits. Usually, the school physics course explains everything with the help of the planetary model. The core includes neutrons and protons, the mass of each such particle is thousands of times greater than the "weight" of the electron. With known values of charges and mass, an attempt was made to explain the existence of atomic nuclei (neutron-no charge, proton-positive) with the help of electromagnetic and gravitational forces, but this proved impossible. It was obvious that there was still some power. Subsequently, a strong interaction was discovered as one of its manifestations.

Perhaps, it is worth pointing out what is meant by the term "nucleon". Since the nucleus of an atom consists of two kinds of particles, the connection between which makes a strong interaction, it was decided to call both protons and neutrons the same - nucleons. The apparently obvious difference between neutrons and protons - in the electric charge - ceased to be indicated, giving way to the definition of "different states of the nucleon."

As in describing the electric charge, they are divided into strong and weak, just as it happens with respect to the types of interactions. The impact of such charges manifests itself not only in macro- and microcosm, between the particles themselves. For example, a strong interaction, and therefore a strong charge is inherent in the nucleons. But for an electron, by analogy, a weak charge and weak interaction are characteristic . It is manifested between all particles, although not as obvious as other types of interactions.

Four foundations

At the moment, all the known manifestations of the material world can be explained with the help of four types of interaction - electromagnetic, weak, strong and gravitational. Some of them have been studied rather well, while others have only been proved by practical experiments and observations. It is not ruled out that something completely new will be opened soon, so it's too early to "put a stop to" the search for interactions.