P. Tchaikovsky - years of life. Years of Tchaikovsky's life in Klin

Tchaikovsky, perhaps, is the most accomplished composer in the whole world. His music sounds in every corner of the planet. Tchaikovsky is not just a talented composer, he is a genius whose personality successfully combined divine talent with unquenchable creative energy. It was she who made him turn to people again and again. He preferred to speak with them in the language of his immortal music. Today, after more than a century, many know its melodies by heart. 11 operas, 3 ballets, 9 tunes to theatrical productions, 7 symphonies, 5 suites, 11 concerts, a lot of orchestral works and opuses - and this is a partial list of his works. Many people get the impression that Tchaikovsky has lived a long life. Even students of musical institutions who know the exact date of birth of the great composer, to the teachers' request "specify the years of P. Tchaikovsky's life," often answer 1840-1920 or even 1930. No one can assume that the life of the great composer was short. He died at the age of 53 from cholera.

Biography: early years. Legend of the origin of the name

Outstanding Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was born in 1840 in the month of May in the remote Urals town of Votkinsk. His father - Ilya Petrovich was a mining engineer. There is information that the ancestors of the great musician on the paternal line were from Ukraine. A family of Tchaikovsky passed from generation to generation a legend about the origin of their family name. One of his ancestors - Cossack Emelyan - was distinguished by a wonderful musical ear and was able to imitate the voices of birds. When he sailed on the ship, he imitated the voices of gulls, and soon a whole flock followed the ship, and during the storm these birds helped the ship safely swim to the shore. It is because of this that Cossack Emelyan received the nickname "Seagull", which later became a family name.

Years of life of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky: early period

In the family of Ilya Petrovich there were seven children, five of whom were sons and two daughters. Tchaikovsky lived in full prosperity, because the father of the family was a well-off man and one of the largest Russian metallurgists. At the same time he was a great admirer of art, he often visited theaters, loved dances and even played a sweet flute. Mother of the family AA. Assier, was of French-German descent. She was a true example of a secular woman in the mid-19th century. Alexandra Andreevna, like her husband, was not indifferent to art. Sometimes in the evenings she played the piano and sang to the sounds of her own accompaniment. In short, the early years of Peter Tchaikovsky's life took place in an atmosphere of music worship. In their house, besides the beloved mother's grand piano, there was also an orchestra. She contributed to the composer's first serious musical impressions. In addition, the local intelligentsia often came to their house - to listen to orchestrin, dance and play music. Thus, the Tchaikovsky house soon began to be considered the center of the Votkin intelligentsia, and the early years of Tchaikovsky's life of P.I flowed in an atmosphere of involvement in music.

First steps

Tchaikovsky, already a composer, recalling his childhood, admitted that even in silence he heard music. She constantly sounded in his head. At first, it seemed to him that she was following him, and it was a little bit burdensome to him. Due to the fact that he was not able to record the melodies that sounded in his head, the boy came to despair and began to cry. This naturally worried his parents. Little Petya began to imitate the piano playing on any smooth material. Once he "played" on a glass surface, the impact of his fingers was so strong that the glass broke, and on his hand turned a deep cut ... Soon his parents decided to invite Peter to a piano teacher with a funny name Palchikova. She was a former serf and self-taught. The boy soon managed to catch up with his teacher and began playing the instrument with skill. Who could have guessed that little Petya - a student of serf self-taught - will soon become one of the most outstanding composers in the history of classical music, and soon the whole world will know his name - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. The years of his life, especially the early period, were full of musical impressions, which certainly contributed to his becoming as a composer.

The first work

Even as a very young boy, he tried to compose music. The very first work of Tchaikovsky, which came down to us - a small piano waltz "Anastasia Waltz", which he dedicated his teacher Anastasia. This work he composed at the age of fourteen. Despite the fact that the boy wanted to prove his involvement in the world of music with all his might, his parents decided that he should get a legal education. But this, of course, did not prevent him from becoming a composer, and the world learned who Tchaikovsky was. Years of life of the composer in the young period have imposed some kind of a seal on his character. In 1850, when he had to leave his home and go to study in Petersburg, he very much experienced separation from his mother, whom he loved with special love, with his home and the edges. Four years after that, he experienced an even greater shock: his mother died of cholera. And this left a big imprint in his soul for the rest of his life. Tchaikovsky, the last years of his life, especially before his death, often recalled his mother. Apparently, it was a hard rock, because Peter Ilyich, as well as his parent, died of cholera.

Study

Peter Ilyich was a fairly diligent student, but he studied without much enthusiasm, but his attraction to music was manifested with every day he lived. Being a very sensitive person, at the same time not indifferent to the fate of his son, his father still decided to hire for Peter a well-known in music circles teacher - Kündinger. And this, perhaps, was the first step on the way to the birth of the composer's star, which is now known in all corners of the planet. Indeed, who does not know today who Pyotr Tchaikovsky is !? Years of his life in the youth period that passed in St. Petersburg were saturated and bright, which also contributed to the accumulation of many impressions in his head. All of them in the future should be reflected in his brilliant works.

"Acquaintance" with Mozart

Tchaikovsky was engaged with Kundinger about three years. However, when asked by Ilya Petrovich whether his son should dedicate his life to music, the teacher shook his head and replied that he did not see the point. In a word, Kündinger could not then understand that he was facing the future brilliant composer PI Tchaikovsky. The years of his life coincided with the period of prosperity in Russia of the opera genre. Once in Moscow, he got to play "Don Giovanni" of the great Mozart. Young Peter was shocked by what he saw and heard. For the rest of his life, this composer was for him the greatest authority in the world of music. The subsequent years of Tchaikovsky's life were saturated with the energy of the works of the Great Mozart. Pyotr Ilyich once confessed that it was thanks to "Don Juan" that he decided to devote his life to Her Majesty the Music.

Tchaikovsky is a lawyer

After graduation from the school, having obtained a diploma in law, Pyotr Ilyich became an employee of the Ministry of Justice. The years of Tchaikovsky's life in the period when he was a civil servant were overshadowed by a feeling of dissatisfaction. Young Peter was uncomfortable in this environment. He regretted the missed opportunities, the talent, which, in his opinion, is too late to develop. By this time the first conservatory was founded in Russia by Rubinstein, and Ilya Petrovich, seeing the sufferings of his son, advised him to try himself as a musician and enter this musical college. The young man then turned 22 years old. The first year of study he combined with the service in the ministry, but then decided to leave work and completely devote himself to music. After graduating from the conservatory, he was offered the position of a teacher. This activity lasted more than 11 years.

Musical creativity

The first piano concert Tchaikovsky wrote when he hit 35. Soon his popularity begins to grow at an incredible speed, he is often invited to various events, but public life is burdensome for him, as it takes a lot of time. In 1876, in the life of the composer appears woman-philanthropist Nadezhda von Meck. Thanks to her support, Tchaikovsky embarks on a journey through Europe and America. Each of the European cities: Paris, Bern, Rome, Venice - leave their imprint on the composer's work. One piece of music is replaced by another, and they all have unprecedented success. After long wanderings, Pyotr Ilyich came to his sister in Kamenka (Ukraine). Here on his native land his work flourished with special force.

Years of Tchaikovsky's life in Klin

Every time, venturing into distant wanderings, Pyotr Ilyich reflected on the fact that he had nowhere to return. He really wanted to have his own home. In the town of Klin, near Moscow, he bought a two-story cozy mansion, which became his "Home". Then he was 45. Here he lived for ten years. These were very fruitful years. How many brilliant works were written during this period. He often wanted to be alone with himself and his melodies, but friends and admirers often came to him from Moscow. Today this house is a place for pilgrimage of young musicians and admirers of his work. Everyone in Klin knows where the house is, where the great Tchaikovsky himself lived. The years of life and death of the composer are marked on the plate at the entrance to his house-museum - 1840-1893. He was only 53, when cholera swallowed him, as his beloved mother used to be. How many brilliant works he could write, if he could live. But alas ... Such is his fate.