Structural levels of the organization of matter in the world order

Our mind allows us to conclude that a lot of completely dissimilar objects of the surrounding world can be classified according to certain characteristics, isolating some objects and uniting them into a group. For example, after seeing several similar cats, we say: "This is a Siamese breed of cats." The variety of feline breeds is the biological species of an animal known as the "domestic cat". The similarity of a cat, a manul, a leopard and a lion will allow us to combine these animals into "cat's", and cat's, rodents and primates - in mammals. As we see, even the most superficial cognition of the world reveals certain structural levels of the organization of matter.

The word "structure" in Latin means an ordered structure, location. It can be assumed that in the structural organization the elementary parts form the whole. But not everything is simple: a brick house consists of bricks (in this sense the brick is an element, and the building is a system), but neither the stacks of brick nor the unnecessarily stacked mountain of bricks are home. In order for parts to create integrity, the levels of organization of matter must be subordinated to a particular hierarchy and there must be interaction between them. If a brick breaks away from the house, it will not cease to be from this house - hence, the element plays a subordinate role in relation to the system.

Therefore, we can assume that the structural levels of matter have basic principles. Integrity is the fundamental principle: the sum of the properties of elements (for example, bricks) is not identical to the property of a house as a dwelling. Structurality of a certain order ensures its stability: the bricks are fixed with a solution, support the roof. The system has a clear hierarchy and subordination: each object can be considered as an element and as a whole (for example, in relation to a brick house - structure, and in relation to a residential array - an element, and a brick is a system in relation to its constituent material particles) .

Hence the question arises: how many are these structural levels of organization of matter? Epicurus wrote that all matter consists only of atoms and emptiness. Now science has moved a little forward, and with the help of technology we can say that matter consists of molecules that are the aggregate order for atoms, they are a system for electrons and nuclei, nuclei for nucleons, and nucleons for quarks. On quarks, modern science has so far stopped, but theoretically this is not the limit. It is possible that in a couple of decades, scientists will reveal even smaller particles of matter.

This is if you look deeper. And if you look in breadth - which system is the largest, considering as elements all the structural levels of the organization of matter? Our planet Earth, with its living and inanimate nature, along with other planets and their companions enters the solar system. The sun is not the brightest star, lost on the edge of our galaxy. And our galaxy is in some sort of stable interaction with other galaxies, forming with them the Metagalaxy (the visible part of the universe). Is there any Supermire, whose theoretical existence Giordano Bruno said in his teaching about the multiplicity of worlds?

And in the end, a couple of words about the links between the elements that permeate all the structural levels of the organization of matter. Communication over the hierarchy (in other words, the "vertical") is not the only one. In a living nature, a connection is often encountered along the "horizontal", where the constituent elements are not subordinate to one another, but interact by supporting the system. So, in the human body, the internal organs are not inferior to one another in importance and do not obey each other. In an inanimate nature, heterogeneous elements, when composing a system, can change their properties and acquire new ones. Here is a simple example: H2O is a molecule of water. Hydrogen burns, oxygen supports the combustion process. However, united, they form a substance that extinguishes the fire. Thus, the system has some new properties, inherent only to it as a kind of aggregate.