Open heating system: description of the structure

Heating systems, depending on the access to energy conductors, can be divided into two types:

• Open (in the people called self). The most primitive in design and operation. But the number of its shortcomings completely negates its advantages: it is expensive to purchase material, large-scale, difficult to assemble, low efficiency, thick-walled pipes with a large diameter are used, and because of these materials it is very difficult to hide the entire system behind decorative panels. This open heating system is most often found in Soviet homes.
• Closed. All parts of the structure are connected tightly to each other and with the help of a low-power pump the circulation of the coolant is accelerated.

The working process of the open system is based on the laws of thermodynamics, according to which the heated liquid flows upward, creating some discharge at the inlet to the boiler and an increased pressure at the outlet from it. Thus, through the pipes of this design, self-circulation passes, where water moves from high pressure to a lower one. With the circulation and temperature changes, the water expands, as a result, in order to avoid breakage, the system is equipped with an additional capacity, called "expansion tank of an open heating system". It is not sealed, through it heated water in the form of steam enters the atmosphere.

An open heating system justifies itself only with the use of water and no other energy conductors, since it is a cheap resource. Another disadvantage is the constant evaporation of the liquid, which must be periodically renewed so that the entire structure does not vzvozdushivaniya.

Open heating systems have a huge drawback, which is slow circulation, which is why warming up must be done very slowly in order to avoid breakage. Not to mention the slowness, immediately there is a problem with the drainage of water in the winter season when pipes are idle, so that the frozen water does not damage them.

To achieve a sufficient level of water circulation speed, the installation of the boiler of this system should be carried out as low as possible, and the expansion tank, on the contrary, in the highest place. The tank, in turn, needs to be insulated. The open heating system does not require the use of a pump. When installing this design, you need to misuse twists and turns as much as possible. An open heating system requires pipes of different diameters. This feature is a characteristic feature of this design. The diameter of the larger pipe that is installed at the outlet of the boiler, with a heating area of 50 to 100 m², is approximately 40 mm. Accordingly, the increase in area causes a proportional increase in diameter and financial costs.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the slope of horizontally laid pipes, which is approximately 0.005-0.01% in the direction from the highest point to the radiators of heating and then to the hot water boiler.