Onion cultivation on the head: methods

In our time, buy in the store onion-turnip - absolutely not a problem. On the shelves of the head - just a feast for the eyes, one more beautiful, and the size of the real giants. However, growing onions on the head does not lose its relevance. This is understandable: what kind of vegetable can be compared to what is harvested from its garden? It is 100% environmentally friendly, which means it is exactly useful.

Seed or seedling

This issue is especially relevant if it is planned to grow root crops in severe Siberian conditions. Mistresses, having tried different kinds and ways of cultivation of culture, stop on one. Cultivation of onions on the head can be carried out from seeds in one season. But the time costs will be enormous, labor will have to be invested very much, and as a result, the harvest turns out to be quite mediocre, since a lot of small things come across. Therefore, if you are interested in a good harvest, it is best to buy a ready-made seedling (small bulbs) and plant it in the spring in the garden.

We store seed material

It is best to do this in the fall. At this time, prices for seed are much lower, and the choice is huge. Cultivation of onions on a head is a rather simple activity, but first you need to decide how many roots you want to grow. For example, if you need 5-6 buckets of onions for the winter, then in autumn you need to buy about one kilogram of small seedling. It is the small heads that give the best yield, the onion grown from it does not shoot, regardless of whether the nest was kept warm or cold.

Choose a place for future planting

Place for the garden should be chosen solar, and in the penumbra, landing will also be successful. But strongly shaded places for onions do not fit. The pen will stretch and fall early, but the bulb will not form. Cultivation of onions from seva is best done in beds where cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes and beans grew earlier. It is very good, if carrots grow in the neighborhood, it will protect plants from pests. It is even better to plant in rows, in which the onions alternate with carrots. So the onion fly does not find what is edible, and what does not.

Winter sowing

Cultivation of onions on the head can begin in the late autumn - this will save your time in the spring, when behind all the worries you can forget about the useful vegetable. What is the advantage of autumn planting? A small seedling at home can dry out, while in the ground it will be preserved in the best way. Before planting, it is necessary to prepare a bed, namely to introduce humus, phosphoric and potassium mineral fertilizers into the soil. Seeds need to be aged for 15-20 minutes in a solution of potassium permanganate. Then the garden is dug and the soil is mulched. The bed should be well watered. Now you can wait for the first cold to come on board to land. After the sowing is planted, the bed is covered with mulch and covered with dry grass, sawdust and other improvised materials.

Another technology of onion cultivation

If you were late with the autumn landing, it does not matter - you can catch up in the spring. To do this, you need to take a box, fill it with a slightly moist soil, lay out the onion heads and top it off with earth. Keep it in a cool place so that seeds do not puff up ahead of time. Spring beds are best prepared in advance in order to protect seedlings from onion fly and other pests. 2 weeks before sowing, around mid March, you should get your bulbs and leave to warm up at home temperature. At the same time, you should pull a small greenhouse to warm the garden. Two days before the planned planting, it is necessary to soak the seeds in water with the addition of potassium permanganate. Thus, cultivation of onions in the ground is greatly accelerated, since dry heads will not be glued until after 20 days, and soaked in a week. The timing of planting in the spring can be very different depending on the region. Onions can not be planted in cold soil, so that it does not go into the shooter, but it can not be delayed. In a dry land, it will be difficult to take root. The optimum soil temperature is +12 degrees.

Cultivation from seeds

As you can see, there are different ways to grow onions. The longest is the variant of cultivation of black cherry. To do this, in early spring, seeds of onion are sown in the bed. Over the summer of them grows a large number of small heads. It is they who are called sevkom. Now they can be planted under the winter, or wait for the spring and sow in the ground. If you regularly grow onion, you will always have material for planting. This makes it possible to collect an excellent crop at minimal cost.

Landing scheme

Cultivation of onions in the ground is carried out during the summer period. Plant small bulbs at a distance of 5 cm from each other. The average should be planted with a step of at least 10 cm. Plant the seedling with the donkey down, burying it in the ground to the height of the bulb. From above it is necessary to fall asleep with humus. The onions grow very quickly, releasing green feathers. After about 20 days it needs to be fed, for this purpose it is suitable for infusion of mullein or common nettle.

Now the bulb begins to gain weight. In this case, you can not plant the plant, on the contrary, when loosening it is worth raking the ground from the bulbs. If you plant carrots and onions near by, then this land is just useful for humming carrots, so that the roots are not green in the sun.

Care for onions

Landing onions is made in early spring, so that it has time to get stronger even before the pests appear massively, as well as numerous diseases. Watering after planting sowing is not required, since the land in the spring is still quite wet. During the growing season, the onion is very demanding on moisture. About a week later, if there is a very hot weather - then in five days, it is necessary to produce abundant watering. This continues until the plants are actively releasing green feathers. Around mid-summer, the number of watering is reduced. Now we produce irrigation every 10-12 days. Approximately two weeks before harvesting, we completely stop watering. Now the plant must dry up so that the roots are well kept.

Top dressing

Do not forget to apply fertilizer if you want to get a good onion. The conditions of growing this unpretentious crop can be any, but during the growing season the culture should receive 2-3 full nutritious complexes. The first fertilizing is performed when the plant only forms green feathers. They are now poorly developed and have a light color. In 10 liters of water, it is necessary to dilute the mullein or bird droppings, as well as a tablespoon of urea. After two weeks, the feeding should be repeated, but the active substance is now changed. In 10 liters of water, you need to dilute 2 tablespoons of nitrophosphite and water onions at a rate of 5 liters per square meter. Once the bulb is formed as large as a walnut, 10 tablespoons of water are diluted with 2 tablespoons of superphosphate. It is this kind of feeding scheme that is considered optimal. It does not take much time, but it gives excellent results. If the gardener forgets about feeding, then the harvest will be much worse.

Diseases and pests

Most often landing attacks onion fly. At the same time, the leaves of the plant turn yellow and fade, and if you do not take measures in time, your garden will be completely destroyed. For prevention, as we have already said, carrots are planted nearby. To protect the planting, it is necessary to plant the plants as early as possible. If the attack has already occurred, you can try to save the plants with a tobacco solution. For this, 200 g of tobacco should be mixed with a tablespoon of soap and a bucket of water. The resulting solution to water the bed.

Another popular pest is onion moth. She lays eggs on the underside of the feathers of the crop. After a week, larvae appear that eat out the flesh, leaving the leaves intact. Caterpillars can damage inflorescences and even penetrate into the bulb. Methods of struggle - systemic insecticides.

A separate topic is the onion diseases and their treatment. Most often the plant is affected by cervical decay. It is a disease that is caused by a fungus. The signs are the gray dents. When storing such heads, the spots spread and grab the scales, as well as the bottom. The best way to fight is the timely treatment of modern antifungal drugs. If at the time of harvesting you see signs of the disease, you should carefully dry the heads at a temperature of 20 degrees for 14 days, and then 3 more days to hold at a temperature of 35 degrees.

We discussed the most common onion diseases and their treatment. But one of the diseases was forgotten. This is downy mildew. This is also a fungal disease. At the same time on the leaves appear pale green spots, then in their place a violet deposit is formed. At the same time, the green part of the leaves turns yellow and dies. It hibernates in the soil, and especially develops rapidly in rainy weather. As a measure of struggle, you can consider the location of the garden bed in a sunny place and pre-treatment of the seed. If the disease has spread to the garden, it will be almost impossible to save the crop. Do not forget that any disease is easier to prevent than treat.