Oncotic pressure

In fact, oncotic pressure (it is also osmotic) is a compound that dissolves in the blood elements and its plasma. When there is a lack of proteins in the body, it decreases, which can lead to the fact that due to the accumulation of fluid, edemas will begin to appear. This is due to the fact that the membranes of the walls of the vessels are translucent and semipermeable. They pass water well and freely, and ions and molecules of different substances are worse.

The normal oncotic pressure is almost 7.5 atm. (5700 mm of mercury or 762 kPa). The plasma activity varies in the region of 290 mosm / l.

However, the osmotic pressure is measured not by the number of dissolved molecules, but by their concentration. Most of the plasma ions (somewhere 99.5%) are inorganic ions, the concentration of which determines the oncotic pressure. The pressure of plasma proteins is only a small part, only 0.03-0.04 atm. (25-30 mm Hg). But it is worth remembering that the pressure exerted by proteins plays an important role in the distribution of water between the plasma and the main tissues.

This part of the procedure is considered the detection of oncotic pressure. Its participation in the distribution of water is indicated by the fact that the walls of the capillaries are largely impassable for proteins. In the tissue fluid, proteins are much smaller, so a gradient of their concentration on both sides of the capillary is obtained.

Due to high oncotic pressure, the liquid in the intercellular space does not accumulate, but circulates.

For the prevention of oncotic pressure, it is recommended to perform gestosis therapy, which is sufficiently broad-profile, so the result will not be long in coming. With a normal protein content in the blood, its coagulability is normalized, which reduces the risk of heart disease.

Oncotic blood pressure is usually kept at a constant level. In its neurohumoral regulation , the excretory organs, such as sweat glands and kidneys, participate. Decrease or increase in oncotic pressure is perceived both on the periphery of the walls of the vessels and in the central part (hypothalamus), where the hormone antidiuretic is released, which affects the process of absorption into the renal canals. Also, its function is to regulate the process of urination. Stability of osmotic pressure is provided by ADN, aldosterone, parahormon, urogenic hormone of the heart.

According to the reflex, changes in activity occur in the excretory organs, leading either to excessive delay, or to a sudden loss of fluid and salt in the body. In these processes, the first and predominant role goes to proteins (oncotic pressure), which are able to bind and give ions. Due to the activity of the excretory organs (kidneys and sweat glands), metabolic products that are constantly formed in the body, for the most part do not have negative effects on osmotic pressure.

Infringements of level of an oncotic pressure are connected with an imbalance of the general protein of plasma, albumins and globulins, anions, cations, sodium, potassium, calcium and other components. It can be caused by various pathological conditions and diseases (intoxication, burn, postoperative period, shock, bleeding, various diseases, etc.). In such cases it is extremely important to check oncotic pressure on a regular basis. The treatment is primarily aimed at eliminating the underlying disease and restoring the balance of salts in the blood plasma. However, before you treat pressure, especially oncotic, be sure to consult a doctor. Do not self-medicate!