On what are the norms of illumination

Illumination standards help to design the correct location of light sources, as well as their number depending on the power, shape, color temperature of the lamps, their functional purpose and even the ceiling heights.

When developing the lighting system, first of all it is necessary to consider whether the interior or exterior will be illuminated, whether only artificial, only natural light will be used, or the lighting will be combined. The standards of illumination of living quarters, as well as the norms for enterprises, presuppose the obligatory availability of natural light sources. These sources can be upper, side or combined. The task is to calculate the shape and size of the window openings, which may slightly deviate from the requirements. The standards of illumination of production facilities prohibit uneven lighting, if it exceeds the standard of 3: 1. In such buildings, much attention is usually paid to the design of sun protection structures.

Artificial lighting is installed indoors, when the natural is not enough to maintain the norm of illumination. Artificial lamps are divided into four groups, depending on the purpose. Allocate working, security, emergency, as well as evacuation lighting. Modern lighting standards suggest the design of an illuminating system using gas-discharge lamps, which include luminescent, sodium, metal halide, xenon and others. However, in some situations, the use of these lamps is not justified. Then the incandescent lamps are used to compose the system , but only if the gas-discharge light source can not really be used or its use is inexpedient.

According to the norms of illumination, emergency illumination is necessary in the event that the stopping of the working process at the enterprises is fraught with negative consequences. Evacuation lighting systems are designed to facilitate passage through dangerous areas or special ladders in an emergency exit situation.

Norms of illumination emphasize that for living spaces, optimal illumination will be combined. Only with its help it is possible to carry out a logical plan of habitation, rationally design a three-dimensional composition of the interior.

When planning the location of window openings for creating natural lighting , the geographical location of the building is also an important factor, since the light climate of the district is taken into account. And for artificial lighting, the color-transmitting index of luminaires is important, which is the ratio of the color images of objects during their coverage by a particular source. By all standards, the best indicator is the color rendering index, equal to 100, as for traditional incandescent lamps. Lighting systems also depend on the source pulsation factor, which can have an effect on a person, despite the fact that these flicker can not be detected by eye.