Kinds and systems of illumination

The need for artificial light sources has long been understood by physicists, technologists, engineers and direct developers of these systems. The classic incandescent lamp at the time made a real revolution in this direction, but modern lighting equipment has made significant progress and regularly improves the quality of the equipment. Do not lag behind and the design aspects of improving devices that form lighting systems for both private use and for operation in public places. An extensive range of these products today allows you to choose the right solution for different tasks in accordance with the requirements.

General lighting

In the organization of general lighting, traditional devices are used. This is the most common configuration of the provision of light, which is usually used for private needs. The main difference of such a system is the supply of a room with lighting sources that completely cover all the living or working space. To solve this problem, one-type devices are most often used. For example, a home system of general lighting can consist of classic appliances with incandescent lamps. More modern solutions include the use of energy-saving lamps and devices based on LEDs. The implementation of general lighting is achieved through the top arrangement of devices, although there are exceptions - it all depends on the requirements for the system and the nature of the operation of the room.

Local lighting

In this case, lighting equipment is used to service specific areas - usually workers. This can be, for example, the functional areas where operators of production equipment work. The peculiarity of this approach to lighting lies in the fact that not all of the room is covered with light, but only a certain part. In a sense, such configurations are similar to point lighting. Such systems are associated with the home organization of light, in which, as a rule, diode devices purposefully serve a specific area - a reading corner, a writing desk, etc. Development of this direction is track lighting systems, which differ in the possibility of changing the position of the source itself, and also More power. They are also called bus devices, which can provide both decorative and functional tasks. Track models are usually used in studios, in production and in offices.

Combined systems

Depending on the way the room is operated, there may be a need for a combined lighting system. This means that two concepts will be implemented at the site - general and local light. For starters, the top main lighting can be performed. But scattered optical visibility may not be enough. In such situations, dot or directional lighting systems can be used as a supplement to accent one or another corner of the room. It can be both functional zones, and decorative lighting of certain objects. Often, local light is realized for illumination purposes. A target can be a picture, a coffee table, a vase of flowers, etc.

Street lighting systems

Radically different from street lighting facilities are street lighting sources. With the help of such equipment, complex systems are organized for servicing private plots, public areas, stadiums, highways, park areas and other facilities. At the same time, there are various technical approaches to the implementation of such tasks. For example, a street lighting system intended for a home area may include the use of flashlights, hanging lamps, lighting and other devices. Approaches to the installation of sources deserve special attention. Often, the lamps are in cases mounted on supporting structures. It can be masts, poles, as well as carrying networks with cables and cables.

More complex configurations are implemented to serve industrial and public areas. In particular, powerful reflectors and floodlights can be used. The features of such systems include the range of light beams and the protection of devices from external influences.

Features of decorative lighting

Manufacturers of lighting devices increasingly seek to combine the functional properties of devices with their design qualities. Unless with the equipment of production facilities in such a combination there is no need, although there are exceptions. Decorative lighting is usually used in the arrangement of residential apartments and houses. The main condition in such projects is the organic entry of equipment into the overall interior styling. Thus, a noticeable design effect is provided by LED lighting systems that are integrated into suspended ceilings. Usually, these are point devices, whose hulls are hidden in the under-ceiling space. During use, they give a pleasant and bright light, emphasizing the dignity of the room. On the other hand, the floor lamps, sconces and chandeliers have not lost their relevance, the aesthetic merits of which are expressed in the performance of the buildings.

Varieties of technical lighting

This is the case when the aesthetic and generally decorative functions of light go to the background, giving way to practical purpose. The most common type of this kind of systems is working lighting. Special lights are used to illuminate work areas, as well as ceiling structures for general coverage of premises. Technical lighting systems can have additional functional load. In particular, emergency light sources are arranged to continue the production process in cases of unplanned power outages. Often, such systems are included in signaling systems with a common control. Also, security sources of light are distributed - they are dispersed both in the territory adjacent to the premises and inside.

Requirements for production lighting

For each type of light source uses its own standard, regulated by the standards of labor protection. For example, for gas-discharge lamps , higher normative indices of illumination are used in comparison with traditional incandescent lamps. This is explained by greater light output. In addition, when implementing a combined scheme, the share of total illumination should not be less than 10% of the set value of illumination. No less important is the indicator of the blinding effect. The regulation of this standard takes into account the duration and degree of work in conditions of visibility. Depending on the time of day and other circumstances of the work process, the normative values may vary. To correct the parameters, a lighting control system is used, which allows you to configure the equipment for a certain operating mode.

Evacuation lighting

Another type of technical lighting systems, which deserves special attention. Evacuation luminaires are designed to ensure the safe exit of workers from the premises. In factories, where one site can be serviced by dozens of workers, one can not do without such systems. The fact that the working common light after the end of the shift is turned off - accordingly, there should be an opportunity for people to exit in conditions of visibility. It can be not only internal provision of light. In the evening, an outdoor lighting system is activated, the complex of which can include various LED signs with signs. Like emergency devices, evacuation lighting can complement security systems. In both cases, management is carried out from special duty stations. At the same time, automatic means of providing evacuation and emergency light are quite common.

Intelligent Light Technologies

The development of the concept of houses in which the systems of programmed and automatic control of communications are implemented could not ignore the "smart" lighting systems based on light-emitting diodes. To a certain extent, such devices include lamps that are switched on and off in accordance with the installed program. Participation of the user in this case is not expected, and this is the main difference between the progressive approaches to lighting management.

Gradually, from the basic capabilities of automatic control of operating modes of lighting technology, manufacturers moved on to more complex tasks. The next step was to correct the brightness and color of the lamp in accordance with the current operating conditions of the device. For example, when the TV is on, the intensity of the glow decreases - again, without user intervention. Not so long ago, Samsung demonstrated a system of "smart" lighting, which provides for the possibility of control over the Internet. This means that the owner of the house can set up the operating modes of the luminaries directly at the workplace, being in the distance.

Natural Lighting Systems

The advantages of natural light also contribute to the emergence of new developments in this direction. As a rule, such systems are designed at the stage of construction and finishing works. In particular, specialized companies offer the equipping of openings with translucent fences, which minimize the risks of radiation exposure and allow also to manage heat losses. In regions with a warm climate, lighting systems based on the idea of glass walls also spread. True, there is no question of completely eliminating artificial systems. Usually they are combined with natural light.

Conclusion

The development of technologies for providing light affects various aspects of the technical and operational properties of equipment. So, for industrial and commercial objects manufacturers offer powerful devices with energy-saving qualities and increased protection from external influences. For private needs, artificial lighting systems with a large bias towards ergonomics and external attractiveness are being developed. At the same time, there are universal parameters that are regularly raised. This applies to such qualities of luminaires as durability, environmental safety, comfort of visual perception of light and flexibility in installation.