Office ventilation. Ventilation installation. Autonomous air conditioning

Proper ventilation of the office provides a high-quality microclimate for the operation of the enterprise. One of the proofs of this is studies conducted at the time of outbreaks of viral diseases. In organizations that have office space, with a correctly installed supply and exhaust ventilation system, the level of diseases is much lower.

Regulations

Even at the planning stage of construction, project documentation for future premises is being developed. It necessarily contains a number of sections, to which the item "ventilation" refers. For the calculation and development of the project in this direction, a whole list of normative documents is used: GOST 30494, GOST 12.1.005, SanPiN 2.1.2.1002 and SanPiN 2.2.4.548.

To properly choose the equipment, you determine the purpose of the premises, their area, the planned number of workers, heating systems, natural ventilation and so on. It is necessary to consider in detail all the specifics of this topic.

Calculation technology

Ventilation of office space requires the calculation of performance. For this we need the following data:

• Office parameters: height and area.
• Number of staff. Plus - the estimated flow of visitors.

The calculation is carried out according to two formulas. First, the air exchange rate is calculated:

L1 = n * S * H, where L1 is the multiplicity of the air exchange, n is the rate of the air exchange rate (for administrative premises it is 2.5), S is the area and H is the height of the rooms.

Further, it is assumed by the estimated number of personnel:

L = N * L2, where N is the number of employees, L2 is the normative indicator per person (for administrative premises from 40 to 60 cubic meters per hour).

Of the two calculations, the maximum is taken and laid in the basics of the selection of ventilation systems.

Additional data for selection

Since there are many types of equipment and systems, the main characteristics can be added to others:

• Calculation of the power of the air heater. Serves to preheat the supply air.
• Speed of air flow, cross section of the conducting system.
• The pressure level produced by the fans in the operating mode.
• Noise level. At high rates, a separate room will be required to mount the assembly part. Also, this indicator should be taken seriously if the office is located in a residential building (so that there is no conflict with the residents during operation).
• Possibility of placing in a separate room, conducting ceiling wiring.

It is necessary to consider the requirements for offices, from the point of view of normative acts. It is precisely to achieve this microclimate that the equipment is selected.

Standards for offices

SanPiNy provide for certain requirements for the climate of administrative premises, which include offices. The norms are as follows:

• The optimum air temperature is 20-22 ° C. The permissible range is from 18 to 24 ° C.
• Relative humidity is 45-30%. Allowable - up to 60%.
• The speed of air movement from 0.2 m / s, permissible - up to 0.3 m / s.

With such indicators, the efficiency of office workers will be maximum. But deviations in one direction or another under the legislation are fraught with a shortened day for employees, as well as cancellation of the working day.

Therefore, the installation of ventilation systems is mandatory in cases of violation of climatic conditions. And here is a plan, we must determine in each case. After understanding the technical requirements, it is worthwhile to consider what ventilation systems exist.

Varieties

The ventilation of the office is selected individually. Sometimes this is already an existing system. Let us consider what types of ventilation classifications exist:

• By the way of working: natural and mechanical;
• By the area of girth: local, general exchange;
• According to the functional: supply, exhaust, supply and exhaust.

There are a number of systems based on classification:

• Cassette and autonomous air conditioning;
• Supply and exhaust ventilation.

Systems

Initially, it should be noted that this equipment should not be regarded as a full-fledged supply and exhaust device. As a rule, these systems are used to create favorable humidity and temperature. However, they do not serve for fresh air. There are several types of such devices:

• Monoblock. Used in rooms with a minimum area. Mounted on the window aperture. Is able to create the optimal temperature regime. Cheap option. In this form, natural ventilation of the office is required.
• Split system. Also used in offices with a small area. Creates an optimal microclimate. Some models are capable of filtering air with built-in filters. The evaporator is usually mounted on a wall inside the room, the condenser is outside. One variety of split systems is the multisystem. It consists of several evaporators and one condenser. Also this is an inexpensive type of equipment.

The air-conditioning system of the office is selected through the calculation of the required capacity and the functionality that it wants to receive. As a rule, such devices require mandatory maintenance. This is the replacement of filters, and flushing the system.

Such equipment is used, rather, as an addition to the usual mechanical supply and exhaust system. And it is seasonal application, that is, in the summer.

Cassette conditioners

One of the most interesting devices for ventilation of office premises. Unlike conventional, this analog can be used for large areas. But to install it you will need a ceiling space for communication layout. Let's see what is remarkable about this type of equipment:

• Performs the main function - the creation of an optimal microclimate. Some models provide airflow. It can be equipped with options: humidification, ionization, dehumidification.
• Low noise, which is important for office space.
• Safe cooling. Air is fed into the office premises in four directions along the ceiling.
• Aesthetic look.

Such systems can be used as part of the supply ventilation, and this is an undoubted plus.

The channel conditioner

A good alternative to ventilating. This type of equipment is positioned as a stand-alone air conditioner.

Such a device can be used floor by stage. For him, use both supply and exhaust ventilation. For the installation of a duct element and air ducts, a ceiling space is required. There is a capacity of such devices: low-pressure, medium-pressure, high-pressure. Advantages of such devices:

• Work with fresh air.
• The hidden system of liner.
• Quiet work.
• Possibility to maintain the microclimate in several rooms.

There are a number of disadvantages: complex calculation, installation, maintenance; It is not possible to autonomously set the temperature in each room.

Office ventilation with dimensions up to 600 sq. M. M. Will be provided sufficiently qualitatively by such a system.

Supply and exhaust ventilation

The systems discussed earlier are not relevant for large business centers. For such buildings it is better to provide central air-conditioning. Such devices require installation in the distance from the offices, as this is quite noisy equipment.

Such ventilation systems help to solve a number of problems in providing microclimate of the office:

• Temperature regime. In cold weather - work for heating, in the warm - for cooling.
• Humidification.
• Dehumidification.
• Supply of fresh air.
• Outflow of polluted air.

With the help of such installations, the most comfortable working conditions are achieved. Along with the merits, there are a number of specific nuances:

• The complexity of calculation and installation.
• Significant one-time costs for the purchase and installation of equipment.
• For air ducts, a ceiling space is required.

The initial costs will more than justify themselves during the operation of the equipment. They will be significantly less than the maintenance of numerous individual air conditioners.

A little more about ventilation

Do not forget that there is still a natural ventilation of the premises. And in any case, periodic ventilation is required before and after the work begins. Also, most of the buildings are already equipped with exhaust ventilation at the construction stage. But taking into account the fact that reality often does not correspond to the project documentation, we have to use additional devices to maintain the optimal microclimate in the offices.

Do not forget about the maintenance of ventilation systems. Otherwise they will not become an influx of a fresh breath of air, but a breeding ground for bacteria. Ventilation equipment requires cleaning, as well as filter replacement, periodic rinsing.

Conclusion

The ventilation system of the office is one of the important factors of the successful operation of the enterprise. Therefore, the observance of SanPiNs and state standards is necessary not so much for inspections as for caring for personnel. Do not forget that a man spends most of his life at work.

So, we found out what ventilation systems and systems exist.